心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2015年
1期
62~67
,共null页
复杂决策 无意识思维 结果浮现 时间目标依赖
複雜決策 無意識思維 結果浮現 時間目標依賴
복잡결책 무의식사유 결과부현 시간목표의뢰
complex decision-making, unconscious thought, emergence of results, time-goal- dependency
为探讨个体复杂决策过程中无意识思维结果浮现的时间目标依赖性，考察了四组大学生被试（共160名）在“知觉不同分心时间”条件下的复杂决策。结果发现：（1）“告知分心3分钟，实际分心3分钟组（知3实3）”成绩显著优于“不知分心时间组”和“知5实3组”，但与“知3实5组”之间无显著差异，显示无意识思维结果浮现具有自我可控性；（2）“知3实5组”成绩显著优于“知5实3组”，与“不知分心时间组”为边缘显著，显示无意识思维结果浮现具有可延迟性；（3）“知5实3组”与“不知分心时间组”成绩之间无显著差异，显示个体无意识思维结果浮现具有相对精确的时间目标依赖性，提前要求结果浮现不出现无意识思维效应。上述结果支持了无意识思维结果浮现具有自我可控性。
為探討箇體複雜決策過程中無意識思維結果浮現的時間目標依賴性，攷察瞭四組大學生被試（共160名）在“知覺不同分心時間”條件下的複雜決策。結果髮現：（1）“告知分心3分鐘，實際分心3分鐘組（知3實3）”成績顯著優于“不知分心時間組”和“知5實3組”，但與“知3實5組”之間無顯著差異，顯示無意識思維結果浮現具有自我可控性；（2）“知3實5組”成績顯著優于“知5實3組”，與“不知分心時間組”為邊緣顯著，顯示無意識思維結果浮現具有可延遲性；（3）“知5實3組”與“不知分心時間組”成績之間無顯著差異，顯示箇體無意識思維結果浮現具有相對精確的時間目標依賴性，提前要求結果浮現不齣現無意識思維效應。上述結果支持瞭無意識思維結果浮現具有自我可控性。
위탐토개체복잡결책과정중무의식사유결과부현적시간목표의뢰성，고찰료사조대학생피시（공160명）재“지각불동분심시간”조건하적복잡결책。결과발현：（1）“고지분심3분종，실제분심3분종조（지3실3）”성적현저우우“불지분심시간조”화“지5실3조”，단여“지3실5조”지간무현저차이，현시무의식사유결과부현구유자아가공성；（2）“지3실5조”성적현저우우“지5실3조”，여“불지분심시간조”위변연현저，현시무의식사유결과부현구유가연지성；（3）“지5실3조”여“불지분심시간조”성적지간무현저차이，현시개체무의식사유결과부현구유상대정학적시간목표의뢰성，제전요구결과부현불출현무의식사유효응。상술결과지지료무의식사유결과부현구유자아가공성。
Previous studies have proven that one characteristic of unconscious thought is its task-goal-dependency. However, the time-goal- dependency during the emergence of unconscious thought resulting from unconsciousness into consciousness has not been explored. This study aimed to inform participants of how long the distraction tasks would take before their engagement in unconscious thinking, which means that a specific time-goal task of unconscious thought was set up for them, thereby we hypothesized that participants could control over when unconscious thought results would emerge according to the previously set time-goal task, which could be used as a proof for the time-goal-dependency of the emergence of unconscious thought results. The experiment was conducted by using a single-factor between-subjects design, with its independent variable, the various ＂time-goals＂ of unconscious thought under the condition of conscious thought, and its dependent variable, the attitudinal difference score （the objective score of the most favorable roommate minus that of the worst one）. This research randomly sampled and grouped 160 participants into four： Group 1 was not informed of how long they were distracted （or ＂not knowing time＂ for short）; Group 2 was informed of 3-minute distraction time and actually distracted for 3 minutes （or ＂informed 3 and actually 3＂）, Group 3 was informed of 5-minute distraction time, but was asked to present the results 2 minutes in advance （or ＂informed 5 but actually 3＂）; Group 4 was informed of 3 minutes but was actually distracted for 5 minutes （or ＂informed 3 but actually 5＂）. By deleting the results of 40 participants who made on-line judgments, the final statistical analysis was based on the results of 120 participants （52 males and 68 females）, with 30 participants in each group and their average age of 21.07 years old （SD=1.97）. ANOVA analysis showed a significant main effect of the experimental conditions, F（3, 116）=5.74, p=.001, η^2=. 15. Post hoc multiple comparisons revealed that the performance of the two groups of ＂informed 3 and actually 3＂ （M=18.70, SD=-12.30） and ＂informed 3 but actually 5＂ （M=17.84, SD=21.03） was better than that of the two groups of＂not knowing the distraction time＂ （M=6.87, SD=12.67） and ＂informed 5 but actually 3＂ （M=6.38, SD=15.39） （p〈0.05）; The performance difference between ＂informed 3 and actually 3＂ （M=18.70, SD=12.30） and ＂informed 3 but actually 5＂ （M=16.93, SD=19.34） was not significant （p〈0.05）. And the performance difference between ＂not knowing the distraction time＂ and ＂informed 5 but actually 3＂ was also not significant p〈0.05）. The above findings have proved that the emergence of individuals＇ unconscious thought results depends on its time-goal.
