CAJ | 학술논문

城市是一组要素合约的系统集成，由政府提供共用品并与企业家、人力资本、土地等市场要素合作生产出来。在城市发展过程中，各类要素以结构性合约的形式参与合作生产并获取回报。城市化进程的根本动力是改善合约结构、降低制度费用。从合约视角分析当前中国城市化发展面临的问题，可以发现，城乡产权制度和公共服务水平差异导致“半城市化”难题，要素市场分割导致城市体系规模结构失衡，合约结构扭曲导致城市资产制度性逆向补贴并存在天然边界。未来要解决这些问题，就应调整合约结构，构建可持续的城市发展多方激励机制。
성시시일조요소합약적계통집성，유정부제공공용품병여기업가、인력자본、토지등시장요소합작생산출래。재성시발전과정중，각류요소이결구성합약적형식삼여합작생산병획취회보。성시화진정적근본동력시개선합약결구、강저제도비용。종합약시각분석당전중국성시화발전면림적문제，가이발현，성향산권제도화공공복무수평차이도치“반성시화”난제，요소시장분할도치성시체계규모결구실형，합약결구뉴곡도치성시자산제도성역향보첩병존재천연변계。미래요해결저사문제，취응조정합약결구，구건가지속적성시발전다방격려궤제。
Despite of its many disputes,urbanization studies are attracting more and more research in-terest.It is urgent to develop a unified theoretical framework.Based on literature review of three theo-ries including New Structural Economics,New Classical Economics and New Institutional Economics, this paper attempts to develop a Macro-Contract-Structure theory and propose a curve model within transaction costs according to MSC theory.Taking this theory as analysis framework of urban develop-ment and urbanization,this paper demonstrates the contractual nature of city and argues that a city can be regarded as special “product”which is produced through the cooperation of public goods （provided by government）,entrepreneur,human capital,land and other productive factors.In this process,all kinds of productive factors are organized in structural contracts and in turn receive reward.The collec-tion of these contracts can be regarded as the urban economy.The nature of urban development is to reduce the institutional cost by improving the contractual structure.Finally,the challenges of urbani-zation in China are analyzed from the perspective of contractual structure,including：（1）Between ur-ban and rural areas,the main problem is the existence of differences in property rights system and the level of public services;（2）Concerning urban hierarchical system,the main problem is the structure unbalance and factor market segmentation;（3）In the urban areas,the main problem is the distorted contractual structure and institutional reverse subsidies.