CAJ | 학술논문

目前关于汉语教材练习题的研究主要集中在题型设计、编写方法、原则及练习的有效性等方面,而较少关注练习题中词汇的复现与扩展问题。练习题中词汇的复现是帮助学习者巩固所学词汇的有效方式之一,而词汇的扩展也是练习题编写中不可回避的问题。文章将以《新实用汉语课本1》为研究对象,对该册教材练习题中词汇的复现及扩展的量、频率、分布、形式、与题型的关系等问题进行统计分析,我们发现练习题中复现率在0.35以下的词汇占到了53%；单音节词、话题明确且领域性较强的词汇复现率较低；看图造句、回答问题等题型中,词汇的复现率较低。词汇扩展方面,课本1~5课、10~14课词汇扩展量较低,6~9课词汇扩展量较高；名词的扩展量高于其他词性的词汇；在完成对话、句型替换等练习中,词汇的扩展量较大；词汇扩展形式可分为隐形扩展和显性扩展。文章认为词汇的复现应关注音节、话题领域、词性之间的平衡,合理安排词汇复现的间隔。词汇的扩展应控制在2~5个词汇之间并统一扩展的形式,提高扩展词汇学习的效果。对于词汇复现与扩展问题的研究可以为今后汉语教材练习题的编写提供相关的数据参考,使练习题中词汇的复现和扩展更加科学、合理。
목전관우한어교재연습제적연구주요집중재제형설계、편사방법、원칙급연습적유효성등방면,이교소관주연습제중사회적복현여확전문제。연습제중사회적복현시방조학습자공고소학사회적유효방식지일,이사회적확전야시연습제편사중불가회피적문제。문장장이《신실용한어과본1》위연구대상,대해책교재연습제중사회적복현급확전적량、빈솔、분포、형식、여제형적관계등문제진행통계분석,아문발현연습제중복현솔재0.35이하적사회점도료53%；단음절사、화제명학차영역성교강적사회복현솔교저；간도조구、회답문제등제형중,사회적복현솔교저。사회확전방면,과본1~5과、10~14과사회확전량교저,6~9과사회확전량교고；명사적확전량고우기타사성적사회；재완성대화、구형체환등연습중,사회적확전량교대；사회확전형식가분위은형확전화현성확전。문장인위사회적복현응관주음절、화제영역、사성지간적평형,합리안배사회복현적간격。사회적확전응공제재2~5개사회지간병통일확전적형식,제고확전사회학습적효과。대우사회복현여확전문제적연구가이위금후한어교재연습제적편사제공상관적수거삼고,사연습제중사회적복현화확전경가과학、합리。
At present,the studies on the exercises of Chinese textbooks focus on the question types, the methods and principles of their organization as well as their effectiveness.A few people pay atten-tion to the problem of lexical repetition and extension in such exercises.The lexical repetition in exer-cises is one of the most effective ways to help the students master the usages of words,and the lexical extension is quite necessary in such exercises.This paper gives a case study of New Practical Chinese Reader 1,and its statistical analysis reveals the quantity of the lexical repetition and extension,fre-quency,distribution,forms and the relations with the question types.It shows that the words with a repetition rate below 0.35 account for 53% while the repetition rate of monosyllabic words and the words with a clear topic is insignificant.There is not much lexical extension in lessons 1 ~5,or les-sons 10~14,but there is much significant lexical extension in lessons 5~9.There is a very clear lexi-cal extension of nouns rather than other words.Lexical extension finds expression in such exercises as the making of complete sentences,lexical replacement,etc.The forms of lexical extension fall into two types,implicit and explicit.It points out that lexical repetition should pay attention to the syllab-ic features,the topics and the part of speech,with a reasonable interval between the repeated words. 3-5 words in similar forms are suitable for lexical extension.An objective study on lexical repetition and extension will help improve the organization of such exercises in TCFL textbooks.