CAJ | 학술논문

本文是对以“差序格局”为基本特征的中国社会关系和社会结构的理论研究。差序格局的形式和内容可以回溯到先秦时期延续至晚清民国的丧服制度。通过对经学文献中关于丧服研究的梳理，可以看出“亲亲”和“尊尊”是构成这种制度的基本原则。亲亲和尊尊结合在一起，从家族延伸到政治，塑造了古代政治、社会关系的一些基本特征，这些特征仍然在当代的政治和社会关系中有明显表现。本文指出，亲亲和尊尊与儒家思想中提倡的“仁”与“义”有着密切的联系，后者作为基本伦理和美德，以亲亲和尊尊的形式表现于社会结构之中。本文的观点，有助于我们理解当代中国社会研究中“关系”和“人情”等现象的历史根源。
본문시대이“차서격국”위기본특정적중국사회관계화사회결구적이론연구。차서격국적형식화내용가이회소도선진시기연속지만청민국적상복제도。통과대경학문헌중관우상복연구적소리，가이간출“친친”화“존존”시구성저충제도적기본원칙。친친화존존결합재일기，종가족연신도정치，소조료고대정치、사회관계적일사기본특정，저사특정잉연재당대적정치화사회관계중유명현표현。본문지출，친친화존존여유가사상중제창적“인”여“의”유착밀절적련계，후자작위기본윤리화미덕，이친친화존존적형식표현우사회결구지중。본문적관점，유조우아문리해당대중국사회연구중“관계”화“인정”등현상적역사근원。
This paper is trying to explore the links between the contemporary social structure and the traditional mourning apparel system in China. In ancient China, there was so called sangfu （the mourning apparel） system that when a person died, his or her relatives wore special clothes for a special period to express their mourning. The pattern of the clothes and the length of mourning period had five classes, and the relatives wore different classes of clothes according to their relationship with the dead. For the closest relatives,the mourning apparel is the “heaviest” and the mourning period longest, and the clothes become “lighter” and mourning period shorter along with the relationship becoming more and more distant. This was called qinqin principle （being nicer to one＇s closer relatives） in the mourning apparel system. Another principle was called zunzun （being more respectful for your older or higher authoritative relatives） which means that for father, grandfather etc. or higher male political leaders, the mourning class should be heavier and longer. The system was thus a ＂circle＂ with the self as the center. This system is actually the institutional base of chaoeugeju, a concept coined by Professor Fei Xiaotong in his famous book, From the Soil： The Foundations of the Chinese Society. Based on the analysis of classical literature and the study of Confucian classics, the author points out that the two principles of the system are respectively ＂ ren＂（benevolence） mentioned by Confucius and ＂yi＂（righteousness） by Mencius. They are the two most important virtues in ancient China. In contemporary era, to a large extent, the social structure is still based on the social circles in which guanxi and renqing are the most important considerations among social actors, as the Chinese still regard ren and yi as the important virtues in social relationships.