CAJ | 학술논문

中国农村宗教复兴是改革开放以来最“出人意料”的现象之一。对此，学界提出了“传统的发明”、“国家一社会关系”、“宗教市场”三种解释模式。本文认为，解释中国农村宗教复兴，不能将宗教现象还原为“政治”或“经济”等其他范畴，而应将之视为一种自成一类的事实，一种人的基本条件，同时应充分理解政治精英和知识精英在中国近现代史上对“宗教”的塑造过程。中国农村的宗教复兴在很大程度上游离于这一塑造过程之外，因此，可能存在着尚不为学界所充分认识的社会机制，有着提供本土理论的潜力。本文认为，在世俗化理论和市场理论之外，应该尝试使用“礼物模式”探索这一社会机制。
중국농촌종교복흥시개혁개방이래최“출인의료”적현상지일。대차，학계제출료“전통적발명”、“국가일사회관계”、“종교시장”삼충해석모식。본문인위，해석중국농촌종교복흥，불능장종교현상환원위“정치”혹“경제”등기타범주，이응장지시위일충자성일류적사실，일충인적기본조건，동시응충분리해정치정영화지식정영재중국근현대사상대“종교”적소조과정。중국농촌적종교복흥재흔대정도상유리우저일소조과정지외，인차，가능존재착상불위학계소충분인식적사회궤제，유착제공본토이론적잠력。본문인위，재세속화이론화시장이론지외，응해상시사용“례물모식”탐색저일사회궤제。
The paper explores three aspects of the question of religious revival in rural China, one of the most ＂unexpected＂ phenomena since the beginning of Reform and Open-up policy. Firstly, by offering a critical reappraisal to the three models of explaining religious revival--＂invention of traditions＂, ＂state-society relation＂, and ＂religious market theory＂, religion should not be reduced into such categories as but should be taken as a set of sui generis facts the author argues that ＂politics＂ or ＂economy＂, In particular, the author delineates some premises implied in the religious market theory, premises that are rather Christian and cannot fit in the Chinese context. Secondly, it is necessary to understand the particular process of shaping ＂religion＂ by the political and intellectual elites in modern Chinese history. Academic claims to legitimize some of the religious practices merely continue the complicity within these elites. Thirdly, religious revival in rural China is largely separated from this process of elite complicity, implying an unknown mechanism potential to yield in an indigenous social theory. Referring to the recent model of ＂doing religion＂, the author emphasizes the dimension of morality central to social solidarity. Finally, the author suggests that rather than recourse to secularization theory or market theory, we may try ＂gift model＂ to study this mechanism.