心理学报
心理學報
심이학보
Acta Psychologica Sinica
2015年
1期
11~18
,共null页
汉语动词 图片命名 熟悉性 命名一致性 H值
漢語動詞 圖片命名 熟悉性 命名一緻性 H值
한어동사 도편명명 숙실성 명명일치성 H치
Chinese verbs; picture naming; familiarity; name agreement; H value
图片是研究词汇习得与加工的重要材料,而名词和动词是最主要的两类实词。然而,目前较少有研究考察汉语中的动词加工过程,也没有标准化的动词图片库。本研究通过成人图片命名和评定任务,获得了265张动词图片的中文名称、命名反应时,以及H值、命名一致性、熟悉性、视觉复杂性、表象一致性和口语习得年龄等指标,同时也探索了影响动作图片命名反应时的因素。逐步回归分析结果发现,H值、熟悉性和视觉复杂性这三个变量可解释动词图片命名反应时72.4%的变异。此外,本研究根据图片命名反应时将动词图片加工难度分成了五个等级。研究发现,与名词图片相比,动词图片的视觉复杂性更高、命名一致性更低、命名反应时更长。本研究获得的各项心理语言学指标有望为后续关于动词加工的实验研究提供重要的参考资料。
圖片是研究詞彙習得與加工的重要材料,而名詞和動詞是最主要的兩類實詞。然而,目前較少有研究攷察漢語中的動詞加工過程,也沒有標準化的動詞圖片庫。本研究通過成人圖片命名和評定任務,穫得瞭265張動詞圖片的中文名稱、命名反應時,以及H值、命名一緻性、熟悉性、視覺複雜性、錶象一緻性和口語習得年齡等指標,同時也探索瞭影響動作圖片命名反應時的因素。逐步迴歸分析結果髮現,H值、熟悉性和視覺複雜性這三箇變量可解釋動詞圖片命名反應時72.4%的變異。此外,本研究根據圖片命名反應時將動詞圖片加工難度分成瞭五箇等級。研究髮現,與名詞圖片相比,動詞圖片的視覺複雜性更高、命名一緻性更低、命名反應時更長。本研究穫得的各項心理語言學指標有望為後續關于動詞加工的實驗研究提供重要的參攷資料。
도편시연구사회습득여가공적중요재료,이명사화동사시최주요적량류실사。연이,목전교소유연구고찰한어중적동사가공과정,야몰유표준화적동사도편고。본연구통과성인도편명명화평정임무,획득료265장동사도편적중문명칭、명명반응시,이급H치、명명일치성、숙실성、시각복잡성、표상일치성화구어습득년령등지표,동시야탐색료영향동작도편명명반응시적인소。축보회귀분석결과발현,H치、숙실성화시각복잡성저삼개변량가해석동사도편명명반응시72.4%적변이。차외,본연구근거도편명명반응시장동사도편가공난도분성료오개등급。연구발현,여명사도편상비,동사도편적시각복잡성경고、명명일치성경저、명명반응시경장。본연구획득적각항심리어언학지표유망위후속관우동사가공적실험연구제공중요적삼고자료。
Nouns and verbs are two main categories of content words, and they are learned early by children. It remains in hot debate regarding whether Mandarin Chinese is a verb-friendly language for children. However, few studies examined verb processing in Mandarin, and there were no standard experimental materials that are available for researchers. Therefore, it is unclear what factors may influence action picture naming in Mandarin and whether it is similar to the rules in object picture naming. Thirty-six adults participated in picture naming and 112 adults participated in rating tasks. All participants were native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. The materials were 275 pictures from the IPNP website （see http：//crl.ucsd.edu/experiments/ipnp/） （Szekely et al., 2004）, of which 10 pictures were deleted because Chinese adults could not name them correctly. Chinese verb names, naming latency, name agreement, H value, familiarity, visual complexity, image agreement, and oral age of acquisition （AoA） were obtained for the 265 action pictures. Results from stepwise regression analysis showed that H value familiarity and visual complexity explained 72.4% of the variances in picture naming latency, whereas other variables such as word frequency and AoA were excluded from the final model. Moreover, the pictures were categorized into five levels of difficulty based on the naming latency. A comparison of the present study to previous studies that examined object picture naming in Mandarin showed that action picture naming （with a mean latency of 1617 ms） was more difficult than object picture naming （with a mean latency of 1324 ms or 1044 ms, Liu, Hao, Li, ＆ Shu, 2011; Zhang ＆ Yang, 2003）. In addition, name agreement of action pictures was lower than that of object pictures, and visual complexity of action pictures was higher than that of object pictures. These results indicated that action picture naming was difficult for adult participants. One possibility is that it might be particularly difficult for Mandarin speakers to extract meaning out of the static action pictures and verbalize them. More investigations are needed to explore the mechanisms of verb processing in Mandarin Chinese, and the measures obtained from the present study can provide valuable tools for future researchers to examine verb processing in Mandarin.
