CAJ | 학술논문

中国是世界第二大经济体、第一大制造大国，但还不是消费大国。理论研究表明，生产大国向消费大国的传导机制有五个：第一，生产扩大导致居民收入上升从而促进消费；第二，生产扩大通过降低消费品价格促进消费；第三，生产扩大导致市场主体预期乐观从而形成生产与消费的良性循环；第四，生产扩大促进信贷发展进而促进生产和消费的良性循环；第五，生产扩大增加居民闲暇时间从而增加消费。美国经验表明，增加收入、降低消费品价格、提高消费者预期、增加新产品供给和增加居民闲暇时间是促进消费的主要因素，维持高消费率的主要因素是财富效应、消费者预期乐观和消费信贷的发展。需要切实提高居民收入、提高生产效率、降低消费品价格、稳定居民预期以及完善金融服务，积极促进中国从生产大国向消费大国的转变。
중국시세계제이대경제체、제일대제조대국，단환불시소비대국。이론연구표명，생산대국향소비대국적전도궤제유오개：제일，생산확대도치거민수입상승종이촉진소비；제이，생산확대통과강저소비품개격촉진소비；제삼，생산확대도치시장주체예기악관종이형성생산여소비적량성순배；제사，생산확대촉진신대발전진이촉진생산화소비적량성순배；제오，생산확대증가거민한가시간종이증가소비。미국경험표명，증가수입、강저소비품개격、제고소비자예기、증가신산품공급화증가거민한가시간시촉진소비적주요인소，유지고소비솔적주요인소시재부효응、소비자예기악관화소비신대적발전。수요절실제고거민수입、제고생산효솔、강저소비품개격、은정거민예기이급완선금융복무，적겁촉진중국종생산대국향소비대국적전변。
China is the world＇s second--largest economy, the biggest manufacturing country, but it＇s not a major consuming country. Theoretical studies have shown that the transmission mechanism from manufacturing country to consumption one includes： first, production expansion promotes con- sumption by increasing household income; second, production expansion promotes consumption by lowering the prices of consumer goods; third, production expansion helps form optimistic expectation of market subject to form a virtuous cycle of production and consumption; fourth, production expan- sion promotes the development of the credit to form a virtuous cycle of production and consumption; fifth, production expansion promotes consumption by increasing residents＂ leisure time. The experi- ence from the United States shows that the main factors to promote consumption is to increase resi- dents＂ income, to lower consumer goods price, to improve consumer expectations, to increase new product supply and increase the residents＂ leisure time. The main factors to maintain high consumption rate are wealth effect, consumers＂ optimistic expectation and the development of consumer credit. So, it is necessary to realize the transition from a major producer to a major consumer in China positively by increasing people＇s income, improving the production efficiency, reducing consumer goods prices, stabilizing residents＇ expectation and improving financial services.