CAJ | 학술논문

美国的食品安全监管体系一直被认为相当完善,然而近年来,美国频发的食品安全事故使其食品监管体系遭受质疑。美国食品安全监管在纵向权力分配上,一直采用联邦、州和地方政府间集权与分权相结合的协同监管制度,造成了美国食品安全出现监管不足与监管过度的问题。本研究发现,联邦主义体制与独立管制机构模式的宏观制度,以及食品监管缺乏府间协调、资金与信息的微观管理,是导致食品安全集权分权协同监管存在障碍的主要原因。在保留集权分权协同监管的前提下,提高食品安全目标一体化、方法最低标准化并建立标准执行监督机制的方式,可较好地改良美国食品安全监管制度。这对中国当前食品安全监管所面临的挑战和未来发展有借鉴意义。
미국적식품안전감관체계일직피인위상당완선,연이근년래,미국빈발적식품안전사고사기식품감관체계조수질의。미국식품안전감관재종향권력분배상,일직채용련방、주화지방정부간집권여분권상결합적협동감관제도,조성료미국식품안전출현감관불족여감관과도적문제。본연구발현,련방주의체제여독립관제궤구모식적굉관제도,이급식품감관결핍부간협조、자금여신식적미관관리,시도치식품안전집권분권협동감관존재장애적주요원인。재보류집권분권협동감관적전제하,제고식품안전목표일체화、방법최저표준화병건립표준집행감독궤제적방식,가교호지개량미국식품안전감관제도。저대중국당전식품안전감관소면림적도전화미래발전유차감의의。
The food safety regulatory system in the U.S.has been seen accomplished for a long time,but recent occurrences of food-borne diseases have brought much criticism on the food safety regulatory system.For its vertical distribution of power,the coordinated centralized and decentralized regulatory system among federal government,states and local governments,brought the lack and redundancy of food safety regulation.The research reveals that the main reasons for the regulation problems under the coordinated centralized and decentralized regulatory system are,the federalism system and independent regulation institutions at macro level,as well as the lack of governmental coordination,the lack of financial resources and information at micro level.Improving the integration of goals of food safety and the standardization of the regulatory methods,and so on,can promote the food safety regulation without changing the current system.The study is believed to bring implication on the food safety regulation issue in China.