CAJ | 학술논문

2001年美国国会通过的《不让一个孩子掉队》（NCLB）法案,以及2009年奥巴马政府《力争上游》（RTT）政策的实施,标志着美国教育财政政策从追求教育机会公平转向追求教育结果公平。NCLB法案开启了美国联邦政府在全国范围内追求教育结果公平的初步实践;奥巴马政府针对NCLB实施过程中出现的问题,提出让所有儿童都成功的目标,深化了教育结果公平的财政政策。2015年总统教育预算优先项目更凸显出联邦政府以更务实的态度和措施不断推进结果公平的进程,教育结果公平成为美国教育财政政策的新取向。优先项目预算和财政诱导作为联邦实施教育结果公平的财政政策策略,旨在建立起＂政策目标——优先预算——财政诱导——教育结果——目标实现＂的教育财政支出链条,进而促进结果公平教育政策的有效执行。美国以结果公平为导向的教育财政政策对我国推进教育公平的教育财政政策改革具有借鉴意义。
2001년미국국회통과적《불양일개해자도대》（NCLB）법안,이급2009년오파마정부《력쟁상유》（RTT）정책적실시,표지착미국교육재정정책종추구교육궤회공평전향추구교육결과공평。NCLB법안개계료미국련방정부재전국범위내추구교육결과공평적초보실천;오파마정부침대NCLB실시과정중출현적문제,제출양소유인동도성공적목표,심화료교육결과공평적재정정책。2015년총통교육예산우선항목경철현출련방정부이경무실적태도화조시불단추진결과공평적진정,교육결과공평성위미국교육재정정책적신취향。우선항목예산화재정유도작위련방실시교육결과공평적재정정책책략,지재건립기＂정책목표——우선예산——재정유도——교육결과——목표실현＂적교육재정지출련조,진이촉진결과공평교육정책적유효집행。미국이결과공평위도향적교육재정정책대아국추진교육공평적교육재정정책개혁구유차감의의。
The federal education policy of the United State, ＂No Child Left Behind＂（NCLB）,authorized by the American Congress in 2001,and ＂Race to The Top＂（RTT）,the education policy carried out by Obama administration,marks the orientation change of U.S.federal education policy from the pursuit of giving all children equal access to education in pre-2001 policies to the pursuit of equitable education outcomes for all children.NCLB initiated the pursuing of equitable education outcomes in U.S.Aiming to the problems existed in NCLB,the ＂Race to The Top＂policy proposed the educational objective of success for all children,which deepened the pursuing of equitable outcomes through education fiscal reform practice.In 2015,the President＇s education budget priorities projects shows more practical attitude and measurements in carrying out the principle of the pursuit of equitable education outcomes by adding funding incentives to help the weakest schools make progress.The pursuing of equitable education outcomes has become the new orientation of U.S.education funding policy,and the budget priorities and fiscal inducement are the fiscal strategies for the federal to implement the educational objectives.A clear chain of fiscal policy has been set up to promote the effective implementation of education policy：educational objectives of the government——budget priorities——fiscal inducement——education outcomes——the realization of the objectives.China can learn from the U.S.education fiscal policy to promote education equality.