CAJ | 학술논문

“十一五”期闻。中国对COD和SO2两种污染物开展总量减排工作，预期指标超额完成。“十一五”期间构建起来的总萋减排数据核算体系为中央政府提供了相对准确的减排数据，是减排取得成功的基础。本文通过研究减排数据核算体系来对总量减排的成功进行制度性解释。本文采用文本分析翻实地调研的方法，描述了中国减排数据核算体系的组织机构及其基本职责，整理出了自下雨上的数据生成、流动机翻和自上而下的数据核查、反馈机制。归纳出总量减排数据核算体系相较于传统环境统计的基本特征：一是设立了区域督查中心鞠各级总量控制部门等专门的组织机构；二是数据的双囱流动机制，中央拥有对减排数据的审核权和最终确定权，并且会将正式确定后豹数据逐级反馈给地方政府并应用于上级政府对下级政府的行政考核当中去；三是在数据核算中采用环境监测数据。并因此进行了全国范围的环境监测能力建设；四是减排工作全过程数据核算。这些新特征使得中国减排数据核算体系得以提升减排数据质量，对地方政府可能的违规行为进行约束；掩减排绩效与地方政府考核相结合，通过政治激励促进地方政府开展减排工作；加强地方政府环境监管能力，保障减排工作的开展和完成。但现有数据核算体系仍然存在监测数据利用不到位而导致行政成本较高、减排量核算细则“一刀切”导致政策公平性缺失等亟需改进完善的河题。
“십일오”기문。중국대COD화SO2량충오염물개전총량감배공작，예기지표초액완성。“십일오”기간구건기래적총처감배수거핵산체계위중앙정부제공료상대준학적감배수거，시감배취득성공적기출。본문통과연구감배수거핵산체계래대총량감배적성공진행제도성해석。본문채용문본분석번실지조연적방법，묘술료중국감배수거핵산체계적조직궤구급기기본직책，정리출료자하우상적수거생성、류동궤번화자상이하적수거핵사、반궤궤제。귀납출총량감배수거핵산체계상교우전통배경통계적기본특정：일시설립료구역독사중심국각급총량공제부문등전문적조직궤구；이시수거적쌍창류동궤제，중앙옹유대감배수거적심핵권화최종학정권，병차회장정식학정후표수거축급반궤급지방정부병응용우상급정부대하급정부적행정고핵당중거；삼시재수거핵산중채용배경감측수거。병인차진행료전국범위적배경감측능력건설；사시감배공작전과정수거핵산。저사신특정사득중국감배수거핵산체계득이제승감배수거질량，대지방정부가능적위규행위진행약속；엄감배적효여지방정부고핵상결합，통과정치격려촉진지방정부개전감배공작；가강지방정부배경감관능력，보장감배공작적개전화완성。단현유수거핵산체계잉연존재감측수거이용불도위이도치행정성본교고、감배량핵산세칙“일도절”도치정책공평성결실등극수개진완선적하제。
During the 11 th Five Year Plan period, China＇ s total emissions control policy on COD and SO2 has been successful. The Emissiou Data Accounting System （EDAS） has provided accurate emission data to Central Government, which ensured the implantation of pollutant abatement. We tried to explain the institutional reason for the success of emission abatement during the 11 th Five Year Plan period. Through the methods of text analysis and field work interview, this article described the organizational structure and main function of EDAS, and summarized both the Down-Top data generation and flow mechanism, and the Top-Down data verification and feedback mechanism. We found that, compared with traditional environmental statistics in China, the EDSA had four elementary features, which are （ 1 ） setting specific data accounting organizations such as Regional Supervision Centers and total emission control departments, which restrain local governments, （2） bidirectional data flow mechanism （the Central Government can review and finally decide the emission account, and the emission data will be used for administrative assessment） which encourages local governments by political assessment, （ 3 ） adopting more monitoring data which improve the environmental regulation capacity of local governments, and （4） whole process management. The monitoring data have still not been used sufficiently, which increases the administration cost, and the rules of calculating emission are not equal enough.