CAJ | 학술논문

改革开放以来，我国城镇化呈现快速发展趋势。2013年城镇化率达到53．7％。年均增长3．10％，是建国至改革开放之前城镇化年均增长率（1．75％）的近2倍。与此同时，碳排放蕙量增长至35年前的6．2倍，人均碳排放增长至35年前的4．4倍。城镇化过程伴随着高碳排放，增长速率高于城镇化发展速度。这预示着我国未来城镇化发展将面临巨大的高碳排放压力。如何降低城镇化过程中的碳排放成为亟待解决的问题。本文将城镇化过程中导致高碳排放的各因素归纳为经济、政治两项因素，对我国城镇化过程中工业、建筑、交通、地方政府等导致高碳排放结果的行为加以区分。研究发现，城镇化过程中的工业高碳排放、建筑面积扩张与其使用效率的背离、交通出行需求量妁持续上升、居民生活水平提高带来的消费力增加。城市低密度扩张以及其背后地方政府官员考核机制与地方财税制度的弊端，是我国目前城镇化呈现高碳发展状态的主要原因。由此可见，过去的城镇化发展模式非低碳、非持续是有其深刻的经济与政治原因的。中长期的低碳转型只有把经济手段和制度调整结合，低碳发展理念才有可能实现。
개혁개방이래，아국성진화정현쾌속발전추세。2013년성진화솔체도53．7％。년균증장3．10％，시건국지개혁개방지전성진화년균증장솔（1．75％）적근2배。여차동시，탄배방혜량증장지35년전적6．2배，인균탄배방증장지35년전적4．4배。성진화과정반수착고탄배방，증장속솔고우성진화발전속도。저예시착아국미래성진화발전장면림거대적고탄배방압력。여하강저성진화과정중적탄배방성위극대해결적문제。본문장성진화과정중도치고탄배방적각인소귀납위경제、정치량항인소，대아국성진화과정중공업、건축、교통、지방정부등도치고탄배방결과적행위가이구분。연구발현，성진화과정중적공업고탄배방、건축면적확장여기사용효솔적배리、교통출행수구량작지속상승、거민생활수평제고대래적소비력증가。성시저밀도확장이급기배후지방정부관원고핵궤제여지방재세제도적폐단，시아국목전성진화정현고탄발전상태적주요원인。유차가견，과거적성진화발전모식비저탄、비지속시유기심각적경제여정치원인적。중장기적저탄전형지유파경제수단화제도조정결합，저탄발전이념재유가능실현。
China＇ s urbanization presents a fast developing trend. The urbanization ratio hits 53.7% with 3.1% annual growth rate, which doubles the urbanization ration growth rate before the ＇ opening-up＇ policy （ 1. 75% ）. At the same time, the total amount of carbon emission had reached to the amount six times of that 35 years ago, and the amount of carbon emission per capita quadrupled. The process of urbanization always accompanied with high carbon emission. However, when the growth rate of carbon emission is higher than urbanization, it indicates a future that China＇ s urbanization will face a heavier carbon emission situation. Thus, how to temper the intensity of carbon emission through urbanization needs to be solved immediately. In this article, we separate the factors that lead to high carbon emission through the process of urbanization into two categories, as economic factors and political factors. Also, we differentiate behaviors that result in high carbon emission from different sectors, as in industry, construction, transportation and local govermnent etc.. We concluded that high industrial carbon emissions during urbanization, expanding building area with lower utilization efficiency, constantly growing transportation demands, more consumption demands with fast improving living quality, expanding cities with lower density, and local government officers＇ assessment mechanism, the disadvantages of local fiscal institutional, are the reasons for nowadays high carbon emission through the process of urbanization. Therefore the past development mode of urbanization with un-low carbon, unsustainable characteristics has its economic and political roots. A mid-long term low-carbon transformation needs more combination of economic method and institutional reform. Also, only a thoroughly implementation of ＇ Low- carbon Development＇ both in notion and in measurement, could guarantee the possibility of low-carbon transformation.