CAJ | 학술논문

国家，这一高度复杂的人类组织形式，是怎样出现的？国家发生学，即国家起源的内生性问题，是社会科学界长久关注，复杂且重大的理论问题。研究者从政治学、历史学、社会学、人类学和经济学等不同学科角度，分别提出了契约说、水利灌溉说、人口压力说、战争说、比较优势说等多种假说。从国家起源的内生与外生的经济学视角，通过对上述主要假说进行初步的分类解读，可以看出，虽然已有假说中不乏洞见，但对演化进程的解释仍有不少重要缺环，尚未形成逻辑上自洽的国家起源内生理论。因此，有必要进一步研究国家如何内生的经济学思路：即以农业部落和游牧部落的冲突为基础，以部落间比较优势、部落内联合为机制，解释国家何以演化地出现。
국가，저일고도복잡적인류조직형식，시즘양출현적？국가발생학，즉국가기원적내생성문제，시사회과학계장구관주，복잡차중대적이론문제。연구자종정치학、역사학、사회학、인류학화경제학등불동학과각도，분별제출료계약설、수리관개설、인구압력설、전쟁설、비교우세설등다충가설。종국가기원적내생여외생적경제학시각，통과대상술주요가설진행초보적분류해독，가이간출，수연이유가설중불핍동견，단대연화진정적해석잉유불소중요결배，상미형성라집상자흡적국가기원내생이론。인차，유필요진일보연구국가여하내생적경제학사로：즉이농업부락화유목부락적충돌위기출，이부락간비교우세、부락내연합위궤제，해석국가하이연화지출현。
The phylogenetics of state, or an endogenous theory of the origin of state, is a theoretical question of great importance having long been concerned and debated among students of social sciences. The previous literature from political sciences, history, sociology, anthropology and economics has proposed several hypotheses about the question, the contract hypothesis, the irrigation hypothesis, the population pressure hypothesis, the war hypothesis and comparative advantage hypothesis, to name a few. From an economics perspective, this paper classifies those hypotheses and analyzes each category in detail. As insightful as they could be, the existing hypotheses fail to provide some important links that might be crucial to understand the early evolutionary process of state, arid therefore are yet to form a logically coherent theory that is convincing enough to explain the endogenous nature of the origin of state. The authors argue for a perspective of economics to advance the study： trigged by conflicts between farmers and nomads, the comparative advantages between tribes and internal cooperation within tribes might likely serve as a major mechanism resulting in the emergence of state.