CAJ | 학술논문

“坐忘”是《大宗师》点出的一个重要命题,对理解庄子思想十分关键。历来的《庄子》注解者大多倾向于把“坐忘”之“坐”当成动词,从而在一种工夫论意义上理解“坐忘”。但如果仔细玩味上下文语境逻辑,把内七篇尤其是《大宗师》和《齐物论》贯通起来,可以看出“坐忘”乃别有所指,“坐忘”之“坐”并非动词,而是一个虚词。“坐忘”描述的是经由“吾丧我”而来以指向“真人”的超越境界,其实质是一种天人合一的境界,暗合于审美精神。通达这种境界固然需要工夫践履,但“坐忘”本身并不直接等于工夫,它只是一种境界的描述语和指示语。
“좌망”시《대종사》점출적일개중요명제,대리해장자사상십분관건。력래적《장자》주해자대다경향우파“좌망”지“좌”당성동사,종이재일충공부론의의상리해“좌망”。단여과자세완미상하문어경라집,파내칠편우기시《대종사》화《제물론》관통기래,가이간출“좌망”내별유소지,“좌망”지“좌”병비동사,이시일개허사。“좌망”묘술적시경유“오상아”이래이지향“진인”적초월경계,기실질시일충천인합일적경계,암합우심미정신。통체저충경계고연수요공부천리,단“좌망”본신병불직접등우공부,타지시일충경계적묘술어화지시어。
＂Forgetting with no reason＂（坐忘） is an important concept pointed out in Grand Master which is of vital significance to understand the thought of Zhuangzi. Since ancient times, most of the annotators of Zhuangzi were inclined to take ＂zuo＂（坐） as a verb,thus they drew a conclusion that ＂forgetting with no reason＂ is a theory of Gongfu（工夫论）. This explanation seems to be no problem,for there is a tradition in Chinese philosophy to place emphasis on putting theory into practice （this is so called Gongfu）. However, if we take Grand Master as a whole, and especially if we combine Grand Master with Equality of Comment on Things as a whole to study, we would know that ＂forgetting with no reason＂ contains other meanings. In fact,＂ zuo＂ is not a verb;it is a function word. There- fore, the meaning of ＂forgetting with no reason＂ is not a sort of Gongfu ;it leads to a transcendental horizon of perfect man through ＂I have lost me＂. This sort of horizon of perfect man is essentially a kind of aesthetic horizon beyond morality, for it is a horizon of harmony between man and nature. It certainly needs practice to access to this horizon, but ＂forgetting with no reason＂ is not directly equate to Gongfu;it is only a description of a sort of transcendental horizon.