CAJ | 학술논문

为了探讨顾客退货情境下的供应链运作绩效问题，采用动态建模方法对产品正向物流和退货逆向物流为一体的闭环供应链系统进行研究，构建生产一分销一市场一退货一再处理一再销售等多个环节的系统运作模型。通过计算机仿真方法模拟不同情境下系统的动态行为规律，着重从产品生命周期视角探讨顾客退货对供应链系统运作绩效的影响；以系统总利润为指标，评估退货率、退货处理时间、产品价格衰减等因素的影响效应。研究结果表明，无论是对长生命周期产品还是短生命周期产品，退货率和产品价格衰减均是影响系统绩效的关键因素，高退货率和高价格衰减会显著削弱供应链整体的盈利能力，导致系统总利润大幅下滑。对于陷入高退货、高价格衰减困境的企业，设定相对较短的退货期限可以在一定程度上改善盈利情况；此外，当加快退货处理速度不会引起额外的成本投资时，快速的退货处理方式对企业更为有益，特别是对短生命周期产品而言，缩短退货环节的处理时间具有非常显著的经济价值。
위료탐토고객퇴화정경하적공응련운작적효문제，채용동태건모방법대산품정향물류화퇴화역향물류위일체적폐배공응련계통진행연구，구건생산일분소일시장일퇴화일재처리일재소수등다개배절적계통운작모형。통과계산궤방진방법모의불동정경하계통적동태행위규률，착중종산품생명주기시각탐토고객퇴화대공응련계통운작적효적영향；이계통총리윤위지표，평고퇴화솔、퇴화처리시간、산품개격쇠감등인소적영향효응。연구결과표명，무론시대장생명주기산품환시단생명주기산품，퇴화솔화산품개격쇠감균시영향계통적효적관건인소，고퇴화솔화고개격쇠감회현저삭약공응련정체적영리능력，도치계통총리윤대폭하활。대우함입고퇴화、고개격쇠감곤경적기업，설정상대교단적퇴화기한가이재일정정도상개선영리정황；차외，당가쾌퇴화처리속도불회인기액외적성본투자시，쾌속적퇴화처리방식대기업경위유익，특별시대단생명주기산품이언，축단퇴화배절적처리시간구유비상현저적경제개치。
In order to explore the operational performance of a supply chain with customer returns, we use dynamic modeling method to study the closed-loop supply chain system integrating the forward logistics and customer returns. We especially address the system＇s performance from the perspective of product lifecycle. At first, we develop the dynamic models based on the transfer mechanism of goods flow and information flow in the production, distribution, returning and reselling. Then, we simulate system＇ s behavior under different product lifecycles and different patterns of customer returns, so as to investigate how different factors affect system＇s operational performance. At last, we take further research on the profitability of supply chain system throughout the whole lifecycle period, and we particularly highlight the effects of return rate, time for processing returns, product price de-. cay, non-defect returns＇ proportion and average residence time. Our study provides the following findings. Firstly, return rate and price decay are the key factors to the system＇s performance. Whether it is long lifecycle products or short lifecycle products, high return rate and high price decay will dramatically erode the profitability of the whole supply chain system. Secondly, the in- fluences of non-defect returns＇ proportion, time for processing returns and average residence time, to a great extent, depend on the return rate and price decay. When return rate is low, these three factors are minor and negligible. However, when return rate is high, the effects of non-defect returns＇ proportion, time for processing returns and average residence time are enhanced and will be further amplified by high price decay. In practice, the non-defect returns＇ proportion is usually influenced by the intensity of market competition and customer preference, whose control may be difficult. Hence, we suggest more consideration taken into for processing time of returns and average residence time, as controlling these two factors is possible for companies to get potential benefits. Finally, our study also implicates serious consideration should be taken into for deciding the return deadline in the di- lemma of high return rate and considerable price decay. A short return deadline conduces to reducing the average residence time that products stay in the customers, which in turn will benefit companies to improve their profitability. Furthermore, without the extra investments on speeding up the processing returns, fast processing will lead to more profits. Especially for the short lifecycle products, saving time in processing returns will produce significant value to the whole supply chain system.