CAJ | 학술논문

当下中国的环境抗议呈现一系列“中国特色”.表现在：当其他地区的环境问题形成以市场攫取为主要根源时.中国的生态环境问题形成与政府行为密切相关;当其他地区的环境抗议以市场为主要对象的时候.中国的环境抗议以国家为主要对象;当其他地区的环境抗议表现为以社会组织为主体独立表达诉求的时候.中国的环境抗议表现为向政府呼吁环境诉求;当其他地区表现为以积极主动的进取型抗议进行环境问题协调的时候.中国的环境抗议多作为消极的回应型抗议。环境抗议的特色与环境问题的形成逻辑密切相关.其根源在于中国生态环境治理结构中.市场强势、权力错位与社会弱势。环境利益相关主体间的失衡.最终导致了系统性的环境危机。重构国家、市场与社会的系统平衡的关键问题在于如何推动社会的生产。中国社会发展的阶段性决定了公民社会的设想难以实现.而从生态政治学出发.吸收卡尔·波兰尼的社会反向运动思想.借助国家权力系统的重构.反过来规制国家权力的谋利取向与自律性市场的逐利本性并最终打造能动社会成为可供借鉴的思路。能动社会的发育以国家系统为依托.统合多元主体的利益.构建多元协同治理机制.并最终实现国家一市场一社会的系统平衡。经由能动社会推动社会生产并实现生态环境的协同治理的思路.可以为解决中国情境中的一系列社会问题提供启发。
당하중국적배경항의정현일계렬“중국특색”.표현재：당기타지구적배경문제형성이시장확취위주요근원시.중국적생태배경문제형성여정부행위밀절상관;당기타지구적배경항의이시장위주요대상적시후.중국적배경항의이국가위주요대상;당기타지구적배경항의표현위이사회조직위주체독립표체소구적시후.중국적배경항의표현위향정부호우배경소구;당기타지구표현위이적겁주동적진취형항의진행배경문제협조적시후.중국적배경항의다작위소겁적회응형항의。배경항의적특색여배경문제적형성라집밀절상관.기근원재우중국생태배경치리결구중.시장강세、권력착위여사회약세。배경이익상관주체간적실형.최종도치료계통성적배경위궤。중구국가、시장여사회적계통평형적관건문제재우여하추동사회적생산。중국사회발전적계단성결정료공민사회적설상난이실현.이종생태정치학출발.흡수잡이·파란니적사회반향운동사상.차조국가권력계통적중구.반과래규제국가권력적모리취향여자률성시장적축리본성병최종타조능동사회성위가공차감적사로。능동사회적발육이국가계통위의탁.통합다원주체적이익.구건다원협동치리궤제.병최종실현국가일시장일사회적계통평형。경유능동사회추동사회생산병실현생태배경적협동치리적사로.가이위해결중국정경중적일계렬사회문제제공계발。
China ＇ s current environmental protest presents a series of ＇ Chinese characteristics＇ , such as ： When the environmental problems in other regions formed in the grabbing of market as the main causes, in China it is closely related to the government action. When the environment protests in other parts toward to the market as the main object, China＇ s major environmental protests are towards the national governments. When the environment protests in other parts witness independent social organizations as the main body to express their demands, China＇ s environmental protest presents the appeals to the government. When other regions show a proaetive aggressive protest, China＇ s environmental protests mostly show as a negative response type. All of the characters root in the governance structure in China, showing as a strong market, a dislocation power system and a disadvantaged society. The imbalance of environmental system leads to the institutional dislocation in the end. The key issue of reconfigurable system balance between the state, market and society is how to promote the social production. On the one hand, the limitations of Chinese development stage determine that it is difficult to rely on the development of civil society. On the other hand, the reconstruction of state power system, the regulation of the profit deviation of state power and self-regulation orientation of the market, and ultimately establish an active society become an available way. Based on the national systems, the active society integrate different interests of multiple subjects and construct multi- collaborative governance mechanisms, and ultimately achieve the balance between national-market and society. The production of active society to promote the social production and achieve ecological environment collaborative governance can provide inspiration to solve a series of social problems in the Chinese context.