CAJ | 학술논문

气候变化已经成为人类发展的一大挑战。2009年中国政府正式提出了温室气体减排计划.承诺到2020年单位GDP温室气体排放量比2005年下降40%至45%。节能减排是中国可持续发展的内在要求.无论国际气候谈判进展如何中国都将坚定不移地走绿色低碳发展之路。国家宏观层面明确的碳减排目标最终需要在区域层次上具体落实。中国城镇化正处于战略转型的重要阶段.城镇化的推进需要探索均衡、协调和可持续的发展之路。低碳发展和区域均衡协调发展既是挑战也是机遇。本文着重对省际区域碳排放核算方法、省际区域碳排放的区域格局及转移、省际区域碳排放的动因、排放绩效和省际区域碳排放目标分解设定进行回顾和述评。通过对国内外相关研究系统地进行了归纳和总结.本文客观分析和评价了以上四个问题的研究现状和存在的问题。最后对中国省际区域碳减排差异问题的重点领域和发展方向进行了展望.为政策研究与理论研究提供参考。为了建立科学合理可行促进区域均衡发展的差异化区域碳减排政策.未来还需要进一步关注深化研究的主题包括：（1）省际区域碳排放核算方法需要建立统一的标准.从生产者和消费者共同承担责任的视角核算省际区域碳排放是未来的研究方向。（2）从微观角度考虑企业决策导致的东中西部区域间产业转移与碳排放之间的相互关系研究是未来研究的难点和重点。（3）中国碳减排目标总量地区分解属于命令与控制的行政手段控制碳排放的政策工具。区域碳减排目标的设定需要考虑对改变地方官员和企业决策方式的促进作用。总量目标的有效设定是总量控制与交易的前提。（4）不同行业、不同区域设定＂共同但有区别＂的碳减排目标需要与国家战略保持一致的同时体现行业和区域特点。中国幅员辽阔.合理的政策设计需要体现行业和区域特点.不同行业和地区需要分阶段采取不同的推进策略。省际区域碳减排差异研究的几个主要问题都面临着所需有效数据的可获得性的制约以及经济社会发展的不确定性的挑战。氣候變化已經成為人類髮展的一大挑戰。2009年中國政府正式提齣瞭溫室氣體減排計劃.承諾到2020年單位GDP溫室氣體排放量比2005年下降40%至45%。節能減排是中國可持續髮展的內在要求.無論國際氣候談判進展如何中國都將堅定不移地走綠色低碳髮展之路。國傢宏觀層麵明確的碳減排目標最終需要在區域層次上具體落實。中國城鎮化正處于戰略轉型的重要階段.城鎮化的推進需要探索均衡、協調和可持續的髮展之路。低碳髮展和區域均衡協調髮展既是挑戰也是機遇。本文著重對省際區域碳排放覈算方法、省際區域碳排放的區域格跼及轉移、省際區域碳排放的動因、排放績效和省際區域碳排放目標分解設定進行迴顧和述評。通過對國內外相關研究繫統地進行瞭歸納和總結.本文客觀分析和評價瞭以上四箇問題的研究現狀和存在的問題。最後對中國省際區域碳減排差異問題的重點領域和髮展方嚮進行瞭展望.為政策研究與理論研究提供參攷。為瞭建立科學閤理可行促進區域均衡髮展的差異化區域碳減排政策.未來還需要進一步關註深化研究的主題包括：（1）省際區域碳排放覈算方法需要建立統一的標準.從生產者和消費者共同承擔責任的視角覈算省際區域碳排放是未來的研究方嚮。（2）從微觀角度攷慮企業決策導緻的東中西部區域間產業轉移與碳排放之間的相互關繫研究是未來研究的難點和重點。（3）中國碳減排目標總量地區分解屬于命令與控製的行政手段控製碳排放的政策工具。區域碳減排目標的設定需要攷慮對改變地方官員和企業決策方式的促進作用。總量目標的有效設定是總量控製與交易的前提。（4）不同行業、不同區域設定＂共同但有區彆＂的碳減排目標需要與國傢戰略保持一緻的同時體現行業和區域特點。中國幅員遼闊.閤理的政策設計需要體現行業和區域特點.不同行業和地區需要分階段採取不同的推進策略。省際區域碳減排差異研究的幾箇主要問題都麵臨著所需有效數據的可穫得性的製約以及經濟社會髮展的不確定性的挑戰。
기후변화이경성위인류발전적일대도전。2009년중국정부정식제출료온실기체감배계화.승낙도2020년단위GDP온실기체배방량비2005년하강40%지45%。절능감배시중국가지속발전적내재요구.무론국제기후담판진전여하중국도장견정불이지주록색저탄발전지로。국가굉관층면명학적탄감배목표최종수요재구역층차상구체락실。중국성진화정처우전략전형적중요계단.성진화적추진수요탐색균형、협조화가지속적발전지로。저탄발전화구역균형협조발전기시도전야시궤우。본문착중대성제구역탄배방핵산방법、성제구역탄배방적구역격국급전이、성제구역탄배방적동인、배방적효화성제구역탄배방목표분해설정진행회고화술평。통과대국내외상관연구계통지진행료귀납화총결.본문객관분석화평개료이상사개문제적연구현상화존재적문제。최후대중국성제구역탄감배차이문제적중점영역화발전방향진행료전망.위정책연구여이론연구제공삼고。위료건립과학합리가행촉진구역균형발전적차이화구역탄감배정책.미래환수요진일보관주심화연구적주제포괄：（1）성제구역탄배방핵산방법수요건립통일적표준.종생산자화소비자공동승담책임적시각핵산성제구역탄배방시미래적연구방향。（2）종미관각도고필기업결책도치적동중서부구역간산업전이여탄배방지간적상호관계연구시미래연구적난점화중점。（3）중국탄감배목표총량지구분해속우명령여공제적행정수단공제탄배방적정책공구。구역탄감배목표적설정수요고필대개변지방관원화기업결책방식적촉진작용。총량목표적유효설정시총량공제여교역적전제。（4）불동행업、불동구역설정＂공동단유구별＂적탄감배목표수요여국가전략보지일치적동시체현행업화구역특점。중국폭원료활.합리적정책설계수요체현행업화구역특점.불동행업화지구수요분계단채취불동적추진책략。성제구역탄감배차이연구적궤개주요문제도면림착소수유효수거적가획득성적제약이급경제사회발전적불학정성적도전。
Climate change has become a great challenge to the human development. Confronted with the same problem, in 2009, China officially made a commitment to cutting down greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 -45% compared to that in 2005. Because energy-conserving emission reduction is the inherent requirement for China＇ s sustainable development, so no matter how negotiation progress of international climate is China will take the road to green development of low-carbon unswervingly. Carbon emission reduction goal of the country set in 2009 needs realizing at the regional level finally. China＇ s urbanization is at the important stages of the changes in strategies; the promotion of the urbanization needs to explore the balanced, coordinated and sustainable development road. The carbon emission goal set by China and the unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development of China＇s urbanization determined that low-carbon development and regional balanced development are both challenges as well as opportunities. This article emphatically reviews the provincial carbon emissions accounting methods, the provincial regional carbon emissions layout and transfer patterns, and provincial carbon emissions causes, performance and target decomposition. By summarizing domestic and foreign relevant research systematically, this paper objectively analyzes and evaluates the research status of the above four questions and problems. Finally, the Chinese provincial carbon emissions differences of key areas and development direction is prospected, and references for policy research and theory research are provided. In order to establish scientific and reasonable reduction policies to promote the differentiation of balanced development of the regional area, a further study on several issues as follows needs to be conducted： firstly, provincial carbon accounting methods should be reestablished with a unified standard. The accounting methods fi＇om the perspective of producers and consumers to share responsibility will be the direction for future research. Secondly, the relationship between regional industrial transfer and carbon emission induced by enterprises＇ decision-making from the microscopic view is the difficult point of the research in the future. Thirdly, total carbon reduction target region decomposition is a kind of administrative means to control carbon emissions policy tools. How to build an effective evaluation mechanism to stimulate local officials and change the mode of decision-making of the enterprises is a thorny problem in the regional decomposition of carbon emission reduction. Effective setting of total goal is the precondition of cap-and-trade. Fourthly, the goal of ＇ Common but Differentiated Responsibility＇ for different industries and regions must be consistent with national carbon emission strategy while reflecting the characteristics of different industries and regions. Owing to the fact that China is vast in territory, reasonable policy design needs to reflect industry and regional characteristics, and different trades and area need to adopt different promotion tactics stage by stage. Several major issues of the differentiation research of provincial carbon emission reduction are limited by the valid data required and challenged by the uncertainty of economic and social development.