CAJ | 학술논문

在我国四要件犯罪构成体系中,主观超过要素应当是隶属于犯罪构成的主观要件,同时独立于故意,无需客观要素与之对应的一种选择性构成要件要素。根据超罪过性、超客观性和功能性这三个判断标准,可以在我国《刑法》中找到有关主观超过要素的规定。但是主观超过要素存在诸多不合理之处,它提前了犯罪既遂的时间点,有违罪责刑相适应原则,存在重刑主义之嫌;部分主观超过要素还存在不恰当地限缩犯罪圈的问题;另外,主观超过要素的内隐性会造成司法实践中证明困难和操作随意的双重困境,在其客观化后还可能导致罪名、罪数的认定混乱。正是因为存在这些弊端,有必要结合主观超过要素本身的可变更性,对我国《刑法》中现存的主观超过要素进行修正,具体包括构成要件精简化和主观要素客观化这两种方案。
재아국사요건범죄구성체계중,주관초과요소응당시대속우범죄구성적주관요건,동시독립우고의,무수객관요소여지대응적일충선택성구성요건요소。근거초죄과성、초객관성화공능성저삼개판단표준,가이재아국《형법》중조도유관주관초과요소적규정。단시주관초과요소존재제다불합리지처,타제전료범죄기수적시간점,유위죄책형상괄응원칙,존재중형주의지혐;부분주관초과요소환존재불흡당지한축범죄권적문제;령외,주관초과요소적내은성회조성사법실천중증명곤난화조작수의적쌍중곤경,재기객관화후환가능도치죄명、죄수적인정혼란。정시인위존재저사폐단,유필요결합주관초과요소본신적가변경성,대아국《형법》중현존적주관초과요소진행수정,구체포괄구성요건정간화화주관요소객관화저량충방안。
Over subjective factor derived from the criminal theory of continental law system is also an important concept relating to constitution of crime in Chinese criminal theory. Because the three-stage crime constitution system and four-condition crime constitution system correspond virtual- ly and they are both thinking method in essence, the concept of over subjective factor generated from the former can find space in the latter. In our country＇s crime constitution system consisting of four conditions, over subjective factor should be a selective and subjective element which is affiliated to the subjective condition but independent of intention without corresponding objective factors. Ac- cording to the standard consisting of beyond intention, beyond objectivity and functionality, provi- sions about over subjective factor can be found in criminal law of our country. However, there are numerous defects of over subjective factor. To be specific, this concept advances the time point of crime accomplishment, breaches the principle of compatibility of crime, responsibility and punish- ment, and owns the suspicion of severe-punishment doctrine. The issue of improperly narrow crime circle exists in part of over subjective factors. In addition, the implicitness of this concept gives rise to double binds of proving difficultly and operating casually in judicial practice. It can make the name and number of crime identified chaotically as well after being objectified. Because of afore mentioned disadvantages, it is necessary to amend existing over subjective factors in criminal law of our country based on the modifiability of this concept itself, including simplification of crime institu- tion and objectification of subjective factor.