南京社会科学
南京社會科學
남경사회과학
Social Sciences in Nanjing
2015年
2期
138~144
,共null页
宋辽金元时代 中韩关系形态 “华夷秩序”
宋遼金元時代 中韓關繫形態 “華夷秩序”
송료금원시대 중한관계형태 “화이질서”
Song Liao Jin Yuan dynasties;the relations between China and South Korea;theChina-Centered International Order
十至十四世纪的中韩关系形态是宗藩关系。宗藩关系起源于周朝的畿服制度和礼制。一般认为,在东亚史上存在着以中国封建王朝为中心、以周边国家向中国朝贡为特征的朝贡体系或称华夷秩序。然而,宋辽金乃至蒙元时代的中韩关系形态,似乎对费正清教授的“华夷秩序”理论提出了挑战。因为这一时期,虽然中国与高丽建立了宗藩关系,但是,随着辽金蒙古先后入主中原乃至一统天下,以辽金元为代表的北族王朝,取代了以汉唐宋为代表的汉族王朝为中心的东亚国际秩序的地位,并迫使高丽等周边国家称臣纳贡,所以,费正清教授关于“华夷秩序”的论述,并不完全符合此一时期东亚国际秩序的事实。这时期的东亚,不仅不存在以宋朝为中心的东亚国际秩序,而是以北族王朝辽金元为中心,形成了“华夷变态”的东亚世界。
十至十四世紀的中韓關繫形態是宗藩關繫。宗藩關繫起源于週朝的畿服製度和禮製。一般認為,在東亞史上存在著以中國封建王朝為中心、以週邊國傢嚮中國朝貢為特徵的朝貢體繫或稱華夷秩序。然而,宋遼金迺至矇元時代的中韓關繫形態,似乎對費正清教授的“華夷秩序”理論提齣瞭挑戰。因為這一時期,雖然中國與高麗建立瞭宗藩關繫,但是,隨著遼金矇古先後入主中原迺至一統天下,以遼金元為代錶的北族王朝,取代瞭以漢唐宋為代錶的漢族王朝為中心的東亞國際秩序的地位,併迫使高麗等週邊國傢稱臣納貢,所以,費正清教授關于“華夷秩序”的論述,併不完全符閤此一時期東亞國際秩序的事實。這時期的東亞,不僅不存在以宋朝為中心的東亞國際秩序,而是以北族王朝遼金元為中心,形成瞭“華夷變態”的東亞世界。
십지십사세기적중한관계형태시종번관계。종번관계기원우주조적기복제도화례제。일반인위,재동아사상존재착이중국봉건왕조위중심、이주변국가향중국조공위특정적조공체계혹칭화이질서。연이,송료금내지몽원시대적중한관계형태,사호대비정청교수적“화이질서”이론제출료도전。인위저일시기,수연중국여고려건립료종번관계,단시,수착료금몽고선후입주중원내지일통천하,이료금원위대표적북족왕조,취대료이한당송위대표적한족왕조위중심적동아국제질서적지위,병박사고려등주변국가칭신납공,소이,비정청교수관우“화이질서”적논술,병불완전부합차일시기동아국제질서적사실。저시기적동아,불부불존재이송조위중심적동아국제질서,이시이북족왕조료금원위중심,형성료“화이변태”적동아세계。
The relations between China and South Korea were the sub-suzerainty and vassal re- lations during the 10 - 14th Century, the sub-suzerainty and vassal relations were developed from the center and periphery relation and ritual form in the Zhou Dynasty. Generally speaking, there was a China-Centered International Order or Tributary System in the history of China feudal dynasties, which centered China by neighboring countries tribute in East Asia. However, the relations between China and South Korea during the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties challenged the China-Centered In- ternational Order by J. Fairbank, when China and Korea developed the sub-suzerainty and vassal re- lations, minority Han＇s rule such kingdoms such as Liao, Jin and Yuan expanded as the north kingdoms replaced the as Han and Tang Dynasties in the East Asian international order, forcing the neigh- boring countries such as Korea etc. were forced to tribute the conqueror. The China-Centered Internation- al Order by Professor J. Fairbank is not consistent with the history of East Asian. There was not a East A- sian international order centered Song Centered International Order centered Dynasty during 10 -14th century, but there was a deformed China- north kingdoms such as Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties.
