CAJ | 학술논문

本文在充分考虑异质性技术的基础上,利用Meta-frontier效率函数估算我国（区域）环境效率,并将集聚外部性和地理、贸易等空间因素纳入环境效率的分析框架中,考察环境效率空间溢出的渠道和效应。研究发现：由于不同地区组群之间环境生产技术存在较大差异,导致环境效率呈现东部——西部——中部依次递减的格局。集聚外部性是改善环境效率的重要机制,不同的集聚程度和集聚方式对应于不同的环境效率。其中,东部地区马歇尔外部性和雅各布斯外部性均较显著,而中西部地区仅体现微弱的马歇尔外部性。地理邻接地区间的污染转移倾向都较为严重;全国而言,贸易联系紧密的地区间有着较强的负向环境效率效应,而区域内部则更多体现学习和正向效率溢出效应。在节能减排工作中,要充分发挥空间集聚的＂自净效应＂,同时高度重视环境污染（政策）的空间相关性,加强跨地区的环境合作。
본문재충분고필이질성기술적기출상,이용Meta-frontier효솔함수고산아국（구역）배경효솔,병장집취외부성화지리、무역등공간인소납입배경효솔적분석광가중,고찰배경효솔공간일출적거도화효응。연구발현：유우불동지구조군지간배경생산기술존재교대차이,도치배경효솔정현동부——서부——중부의차체감적격국。집취외부성시개선배경효솔적중요궤제,불동적집취정도화집취방식대응우불동적배경효솔。기중,동부지구마헐이외부성화아각포사외부성균교현저,이중서부지구부체현미약적마헐이외부성。지리린접지구간적오염전이경향도교위엄중;전국이언,무역련계긴밀적지구간유착교강적부향배경효솔효응,이구역내부칙경다체현학습화정향효솔일출효응。재절능감배공작중,요충분발휘공간집취적＂자정효응＂,동시고도중시배경오염（정책）적공간상관성,가강과지구적배경합작。
Environmental pollution problems in China are worsening after thirty years of continuous economic miracles. The Chinese government＇s urgent issue is to maintain a good balance between continuing economic growth and protecting the environment. Although the new economic geography theory is widely used in the fields of regional economics,economic integration,and development economics,little attention has been paid to environmental issues. With the acceleration of industrial agglomerations and spatial economic relations,environmental performance will be influenced by the effect of spatial spillover.Firstly,the paper uses the Meta-frontier function to calculate environmental efficiency in China to fully consider the impact of technology heterogeneity on the evaluation of regional environmental efficiency. Secondly,the paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis method（ ESDA） and incorporates spatial factors,such as agglomeration externalities,trade,and geography,into the analytical framework of environmental efficiency.This study is based on the technology heterogeneity to analyze spatial channels and the effect of environmental efficiency overflow in order to provide references for energy-saving and emission-reduction policies. The results indicate that a great gap in environmental technology presents a descending order of East-West-Central. Agglomeration externality is an important mechanism to improve environmental efficiency. The degree and methods of agglomeration corresponds to different environmental efficiency. In the east region,Marshall and Jacobs externalities are obvious. The Midwest region reflects the Marshall externality. The pollution transfer between adjacent areas is serious. The close trade link between regions has a strong negative impact on environmental efficiency.This research has important theoretical and practical implications for regional coordination development under the constraints of energy-saving and emission-reduction. During the social construction process,the government should not only focus on the target area,but also give full attention to the spatial spillover effect from the adjacent areas. Firstly,when undertaking the transfer of industries from the eastern region,the central and western regions should pay attention to the selection of cleaning production industry for environmental protection. Secondly,the central and western regions should encourage independent innovation in low-carbon technology areas. They should also strengthen low-carbon technology cooperation with the advanced regions in order to narrow the gap between the developed areas and the more rural areas.Especially,the government should emphasize on the spatial correlation of environmental pollution（ policy） to strengthen crossregional environmental cooperation. Lastly,it is necessary to establish supportive environments and industrial policies in order to improve the initial condition of central and western regions. Meanwhile,it is also important to consider self-purification effects of industrial agglomeration according to different stages of industrial development in order to achieve sustainability.