生态经济
生態經濟
생태경제
Ecological Economy
2015年
3期
151~156
,共null页
生态服务价值 生态补偿 池塘养殖 政策
生態服務價值 生態補償 池塘養殖 政策
생태복무개치 생태보상 지당양식 정책
ecosystem service value; eco-payment; pond aquaculture; policy
作为改善因经济社会发展而被破坏的生态环境的一种手段,生态补偿受到了广泛关注。但综观国内外现有成果,对于水产养殖生态补偿问题的研究还较少。文章基于对上海地区池塘养殖生态服务价值的评估结果,分析了进行此类生态补偿的必要性,并进而在阐述其生态补偿目标及原则的基础上,针对池塘养殖生态系统的不同类型的生态服务,从补偿主体、补偿客体、补偿方式以及补偿额度等方面讨论了其补偿机制。研究认为,对于不同类型池塘养殖系统的生态服务,需采用不同的生态补偿机制：（1）对于市场上可以实现的价值,应通过建立有效的市场机制予以补偿;（2）对于空气调节、气温调控等非市场价值,则应在确定服务受益者及提供者的基础上,通过不同层级政府的财政转移支付等手段予以补偿,具体补偿额度建议为：空气调节服务约5800 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1,气温调控服务约20 000 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1,而对于水产污染成本,则在污染权被界定给养殖生产者的情况下,要消除养殖产生的面源污染,养殖生产者需获得大于2000 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1的补偿额。
作為改善因經濟社會髮展而被破壞的生態環境的一種手段,生態補償受到瞭廣汎關註。但綜觀國內外現有成果,對于水產養殖生態補償問題的研究還較少。文章基于對上海地區池塘養殖生態服務價值的評估結果,分析瞭進行此類生態補償的必要性,併進而在闡述其生態補償目標及原則的基礎上,針對池塘養殖生態繫統的不同類型的生態服務,從補償主體、補償客體、補償方式以及補償額度等方麵討論瞭其補償機製。研究認為,對于不同類型池塘養殖繫統的生態服務,需採用不同的生態補償機製：（1）對于市場上可以實現的價值,應通過建立有效的市場機製予以補償;（2）對于空氣調節、氣溫調控等非市場價值,則應在確定服務受益者及提供者的基礎上,通過不同層級政府的財政轉移支付等手段予以補償,具體補償額度建議為：空氣調節服務約5800 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1,氣溫調控服務約20 000 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1,而對于水產汙染成本,則在汙染權被界定給養殖生產者的情況下,要消除養殖產生的麵源汙染,養殖生產者需穫得大于2000 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1的補償額。
작위개선인경제사회발전이피파배적생태배경적일충수단,생태보상수도료엄범관주。단종관국내외현유성과,대우수산양식생태보상문제적연구환교소。문장기우대상해지구지당양식생태복무개치적평고결과,분석료진행차류생태보상적필요성,병진이재천술기생태보상목표급원칙적기출상,침대지당양식생태계통적불동류형적생태복무,종보상주체、보상객체、보상방식이급보상액도등방면토론료기보상궤제。연구인위,대우불동류형지당양식계통적생태복무,수채용불동적생태보상궤제：（1）대우시장상가이실현적개치,응통과건립유효적시장궤제여이보상;（2）대우공기조절、기온조공등비시장개치,칙응재학정복무수익자급제공자적기출상,통과불동층급정부적재정전이지부등수단여이보상,구체보상액도건의위：공기조절복무약5800 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1,기온조공복무약20 000 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1,이대우수산오염성본,칙재오염권피계정급양식생산자적정황하,요소제양식산생적면원오염,양식생산자수획득대우2000 CNY·hm^-2·a^-1적보상액。
To solve the ecological and environmental problems emerging with the economic and social development, ecological payment is widely discussed as a possible solution. But the literatures showed that there are few researches on ecological payment of pond aquaculture ecosystems. This paper, based on the previous findings about ecological service value evaluation of pond aquaculture ecosystems in Shanghai, analyzed the necessity of ecological payment in this field, discussed the objectives and principles of this kind of ecological payment policies, and brought forth the mechanism including the subject, object, method and the amount of the payment. The research showed that it is necessary to adopt different ecological payment mechanism for different types of ecological pond aquaculture ecosystem services： （1） Those eco-service values, which can be realized through market, should be compensated by market mechanism, so the key point for their compensation is to establish effective market; （2） Non-market value, such as the values of air conditioning and temperature control, on the basis of determining beneficiaries and providers of these services, should be compensated through different levels of governments and their transfer, the amount of them should vary with eco-services as follow： air conditioning payment is about 5800 Yuan·hm^-2·a^-1; the temperature control service payment is about 20000 Yuan·hm^-2·a^-1; as for the environmental costs of these ecosystems, if their non-point pollution is to be eliminated and if the environmental property rights are defined to fish farmers, then they should be compensated for more than 2000 Yuan·hm^-2·a^-1.
