CAJ | 학술논문

自西方启蒙时期开始,政治理论家们便将同意作为政治合法性的基础,从古典社会契约论者霍布斯、洛克、卢梭的理论中,我们可以清晰地看到在前国家的自然状态中,人们是通过同意授权统治者,赋予其进行统治的权利,使其对政治权力的行使具有了合法性。但是同意理论本身也面临着一系列难题,譬如洛克《政府论》中的默认同意难题;再如在当代社会,面对大而复杂的共同体,古典社会契约论中的同意虽然在证成国家建立的合法性中具有吸引力,但是难以满足对于后续国家政治合法性的实际论证,于是发展出崭新的同意概念,即将民主程序中的投票或参与等同于同意。本文要论证的就是这些新的尝试都是不成功的,政治合法性的来源最终从同意转向了公共理由。
자서방계몽시기개시,정치이론가문편장동의작위정치합법성적기출,종고전사회계약론자곽포사、락극、로사적이론중,아문가이청석지간도재전국가적자연상태중,인문시통과동의수권통치자,부여기진행통치적권리,사기대정치권력적행사구유료합법성。단시동의이론본신야면림착일계렬난제,비여락극《정부론》중적묵인동의난제;재여재당대사회,면대대이복잡적공동체,고전사회계약론중적동의수연재증성국가건립적합법성중구유흡인력,단시난이만족대우후속국가정치합법성적실제론증,우시발전출참신적동의개념,즉장민주정서중적투표혹삼여등동우동의。본문요론증적취시저사신적상시도시불성공적,정치합법성적래원최종종동의전향료공공이유。
Since the western enlightenment, political theorists have taken consent as the basis of political legitimacy. In the classical social contract theory of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, it is clear that in the state of nature peoplem the exertion of political power by the governor was legitimated by authorizing a governor, en- dowing him the right to rule. However, consent theory itself faces a series of dilemmas, such as the dilemma of tacit consent in Two Treatises of Government by John Locke and the dilemma that in the contemporary large and complex society and community, consent which is still attractive to justify the built of a legitimate state meets more difficulties in the practical demonstration of political legitimacy of a future state, in the meantime, theorists develop a new concept of consent taking vote or participation as consent. In this paper I will discuss all these attempts are unsuccessful. The resoure of political legitimacy transforms from consent to public reason eventually.