CAJ | 학술논문

社会学的一个基本问题是探讨个人与社会的关系，各种社会学理论以及方法论的差异，充分体现出了对于这个基本问题的不同回答。对19世纪到20世纪初期，涂尔干、韦伯、齐美尔、帕累托这四位古典社会学家对社会学基本问题回答做一个比较分析。他们四人生活在几乎同一时期的欧洲，因为具体的社会背景以及学术渊源的影响，导致他们的社会观与方法论有着很大的不同。但是在个人与社会的关系这个问题的回答上，尽管他们四人的内容有所不同，但是他们所采取的方法却有着相似的统一，这就是几乎都试图从个人层面寻找出既同个人相关而又超越于个人的共同中介因素，而用这个中介性因素或者概念工具达到他们研究社会的目的。
사회학적일개기본문제시탐토개인여사회적관계，각충사회학이론이급방법론적차이，충분체현출료대우저개기본문제적불동회답。대19세기도20세기초기，도이간、위백、제미이、파루탁저사위고전사회학가대사회학기본문제회답주일개비교분석。타문사인생활재궤호동일시기적구주，인위구체적사회배경이급학술연원적영향，도치타문적사회관여방법론유착흔대적불동。단시재개인여사회적관계저개문제적회답상，진관타문사인적내용유소불동，단시타문소채취적방법각유착상사적통일，저취시궤호도시도종개인층면심조출기동개인상관이우초월우개인적공동중개인소，이용저개중개성인소혹자개념공구체도타문연구사회적목적。
The relationship between individual and society is a fundamental question of sociology .Differ‐ent answers to this question leads to differences of various sociological theories and methodologies .This paper is a comparison and analysis on answers of four classic sociologists-Durkheim ,Weber ,Simmel , and Pareto on fundamental questions .The four lived in Europe at the same period ,while their social outlook and methodologies varied a lot due to different social academic backgrounds . However ,al‐though answers were different ,their approaches on the relationship between individual and society were similar that almost all of them tried to find out the common intermediary factor from individual level that related and beyond individual ,and used the intermediary factor or concept tool to research on society .