中国农史
中國農史
중국농사
Agricultural History of China
2015年
1期
3~17
,共null页
役畜 结构 饲料 燃料
役畜 結構 飼料 燃料
역축 결구 사료 연료
draft animal; structure; feed; fuel
在历史的早期，华北地区大型役畜饲养规模较大。自宋以后，役畜饲养发生了重大变化，整体的饲养规模急剧缩减，同时饲养结构发生了明显的变化。马和牛这两种主要的大型役畜的数量不断减少，而小型役畜驴的数量则大幅度增加。役畜的精饲料与熟水制备过程中要消耗大量的燃料，而其粗饲料则本身即可用作燃料。与牛、马等大型役畜相比，驴的饲料需求量较少，相应地直接与间接所造成的燃料压力都比较小。在华北燃料危机深重的背景下，增大驴的饲养规模就成为了历史的必然。役畜饲养结构的变化。对华北的社会与生态都产生了深远的影响。
在歷史的早期，華北地區大型役畜飼養規模較大。自宋以後，役畜飼養髮生瞭重大變化，整體的飼養規模急劇縮減，同時飼養結構髮生瞭明顯的變化。馬和牛這兩種主要的大型役畜的數量不斷減少，而小型役畜驢的數量則大幅度增加。役畜的精飼料與熟水製備過程中要消耗大量的燃料，而其粗飼料則本身即可用作燃料。與牛、馬等大型役畜相比，驢的飼料需求量較少，相應地直接與間接所造成的燃料壓力都比較小。在華北燃料危機深重的揹景下，增大驢的飼養規模就成為瞭歷史的必然。役畜飼養結構的變化。對華北的社會與生態都產生瞭深遠的影響。
재역사적조기，화북지구대형역축사양규모교대。자송이후，역축사양발생료중대변화，정체적사양규모급극축감，동시사양결구발생료명현적변화。마화우저량충주요적대형역축적수량불단감소，이소형역축려적수량칙대폭도증가。역축적정사료여숙수제비과정중요소모대량적연료，이기조사료칙본신즉가용작연료。여우、마등대형역축상비，려적사료수구량교소，상응지직접여간접소조성적연료압력도비교소。재화북연료위궤심중적배경하，증대려적사양규모취성위료역사적필연。역축사양결구적변화。대화북적사회여생태도산생료심원적영향。
Before the Song Dynasty, there were a huge number draft animal in North China area. After the Song Dynasty, the feed of draft animal declined so sharply that the quantity was dramatically cut and Great changes had taken place in the structure. The number of the horses and cattle was decreasing, while the number of donkeys was greatly increased. The breeding process of draft animal consumes a lot of fuel, and crude feed can also be used as fuel. The donkeys need less feed than the big draught animal, so the fuel pressure which caused by feeding donkey were much smaller too. The fuel crisis was severe in ancient North China, so it was the logical choice that people increased the feeding scale of donkeys. The feeding structure of draught animal was changed greatly, which had a profound impact on the society and the ecosystem of North China.
