财贸研究
財貿研究
재무연구
Finance and Trade Research
2015年
2期
61~69
,共null页
人口老龄化 企业竞争策略 品质升级
人口老齡化 企業競爭策略 品質升級
인구노령화 기업경쟁책략 품질승급
population aging; enterprise competition strategy; quality upgrading
人口老龄化使有效劳动供给减少、工资上升,产品需求层次提高,以利润最大化为目标的企业会选择生产高技术产品和品质竞争策略来适应劳动力市场和需求偏好的变动,从而实现出口产品品质升级。利用121个国家和地区对美出口HS10分位产品层面贸易数据对此作用机制进行实证检验,结果表明,人口老龄化显著促进了出口产品品质升级。进一步分组回归发现:随着国家收入水平的上升,人口老龄化的边际效应呈下降趋势;人口老龄化对刚迈入或即将迈入老龄化社会国家产品品质的提升作用高于其他国家;对低技术产品品质的提升作用高于中、高技术产品。
人口老齡化使有效勞動供給減少、工資上升,產品需求層次提高,以利潤最大化為目標的企業會選擇生產高技術產品和品質競爭策略來適應勞動力市場和需求偏好的變動,從而實現齣口產品品質升級。利用121箇國傢和地區對美齣口HS10分位產品層麵貿易數據對此作用機製進行實證檢驗,結果錶明,人口老齡化顯著促進瞭齣口產品品質升級。進一步分組迴歸髮現:隨著國傢收入水平的上升,人口老齡化的邊際效應呈下降趨勢;人口老齡化對剛邁入或即將邁入老齡化社會國傢產品品質的提升作用高于其他國傢;對低技術產品品質的提升作用高于中、高技術產品。
인구노령화사유효노동공급감소、공자상승,산품수구층차제고,이리윤최대화위목표적기업회선택생산고기술산품화품질경쟁책략래괄응노동력시장화수구편호적변동,종이실현출구산품품질승급。이용121개국가화지구대미출구HS10분위산품층면무역수거대차작용궤제진행실증검험,결과표명,인구노령화현저촉진료출구산품품질승급。진일보분조회귀발현:수착국가수입수평적상승,인구노령화적변제효응정하강추세;인구노령화대강매입혹즉장매입노령화사회국가산품품질적제승작용고우기타국가;대저기술산품품질적제승작용고우중、고기술산품。
Population aging makes the effective labor supply reduction, wages rising, products consu- ming level increasing, enterprises whose goal is to maximize the profit will choose the production of high - tech products and quality competition strategy to adapt to the changing of labor market and consumption preference, so as to realize the export products quality upgrading. On the basis of mechanism analysis, this paper uses USA HS10 digit products data importing from 121 countries from 1995 to 2006 to make empirical test. The result finds that population aging significantly promote the quality upgrading of export products. Further test shows that the marginal impact of population aging shows a downward trend with national in- come rises, and the role of promoting products quality is higher for those countries that have just entered or will soon enter the aging society than other countries. The role is higher for low technology products than middle and high technology products. Finally, robust tests also confirm the above conclusion.