CAJ | 학술논문

摄氧量从安静或空载负荷运动状态进入指定强度运动状态，以及运动后恢复状态的动态过程被称为摄氧量动力学。随着对人体运动生物学特征研究的不断深入，摄氧量动力学越来越受到关注。为了系统地了解摄氧量动力学研究的发展历程，全面地认识这一指标在人体运动中的重要意义，检索了历年来摄氧量动力学的相关文献，分别从历史回顾、生理学特征、测试和计算方法，以及对运动训练和大众健身的启示四个方面对摄氧量动力学进行了综述。对摄氧量动力学的研究始于20世纪初人类对运动过程中气体代谢的探索，但是对摄氧量动力学较为全面的认识直到20世纪90年代才得以实现。外呼吸摄氧量动力学被证明能够真实反映肌肉摄氧量动力学。摄氧量动力学与运动强度有关，当恒定负荷强度〈乳酸阈时，摄氧量在〈3min的时间达到稳定状态；当恒定负荷强度〉乳酸阚时，摄氧量的稳定状态延迟或消失，并且在快速增长之后出现一个慢速增长阶段。不管强度如何，对摄氧量动力学的计算都是基于摄氧量动力学的三个阶段。摄氧量动力学的研究推动了对能量代谢由结果向过程的转变，为运动能力的提高提供了新的思路。未来对摄氧量动力学的研究应着重于不同运动方式的摄氧量动力学特征、不同训练方法对摄氧量动力学的影响，以及运用新技术进一步求证肌纤维与摄氧量动力学的关系。
섭양량종안정혹공재부하운동상태진입지정강도운동상태，이급운동후회복상태적동태과정피칭위섭양량동역학。수착대인체운동생물학특정연구적불단심입，섭양량동역학월래월수도관주。위료계통지료해섭양량동역학연구적발전역정，전면지인식저일지표재인체운동중적중요의의，검색료력년래섭양량동역학적상관문헌，분별종역사회고、생이학특정、측시화계산방법，이급대운동훈련화대음건신적계시사개방면대섭양량동역학진행료종술。대섭양량동역학적연구시우20세기초인류대운동과정중기체대사적탐색，단시대섭양량동역학교위전면적인식직도20세기90년대재득이실현。외호흡섭양량동역학피증명능구진실반영기육섭양량동역학。섭양량동역학여운동강도유관，당항정부하강도〈유산역시，섭양량재〈3min적시간체도은정상태；당항정부하강도〉유산감시，섭양량적은정상태연지혹소실，병차재쾌속증장지후출현일개만속증장계단。불관강도여하，대섭양량동역학적계산도시기우섭양량동역학적삼개계단。섭양량동역학적연구추동료대능량대사유결과향과정적전변，위운동능력적제고제공료신적사로。미래대섭양량동역학적연구응착중우불동운동방식적섭양량동역학특정、불동훈련방법대섭양량동역학적영향，이급운용신기술진일보구증기섬유여섭양량동역학적관계。
Oxygen uptake kinetics represents the dynamic process of ＂transit-on＂ oxygen uptake from rest or ＂unloaded＂ exercise to constant work rate, and ＂transit-off＂ to recovery. With the expansion of sport science, oxygen uptake kinetics attracts more and more attention. With the aim to systematically investigate the developing history of oxygen uptake kinet- ics, and fully realize its importance in human exercise, this review investigated the oxygen uptake kinetics from aspects of history, physiological character, test and calculating method, as well as its inspiration to competitive training and public health. Investigation on oxygen uptake kinetics could be date back to as early as 1910s, but a comprehensive knowledge of it was not established until 1990s. Pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics was proven to reflect the muscle oxygen uptake ki- netics. Oxygen uptake kinetics depends on the intensity of constant load. At the intensity of ~lactate threshold, oxygen uptake reaches the steady state within ~3min, whereas the steady state is delayed or disappears when the intensity is lactate threshold, along with a slow component following the iast component. The calculation of oxygen uptake kinetics in all intensity domains is based on three--phase exponential model. The study on oxygen uptake kinetics promotes the in- vestigation on energetics from result--emphasis to more process--emphasis, and provides new perspective for the develop- ment of sport performance. Future study should emphasize more on the character of oxygen uptake kinetics in different ex- ercise models, the effect of different training methods on oxygen uptake kinetics, as well as further verifying the relation- ship between muscle fiber and oxygen uptake kinetics with new techniques.