CAJ | 학술논문

对生态产品概念的历史演变进行了梳理,指出正确理解生态产品的概念要把握其时代特征并应在学术研究中明确其含义。认为生态产品本身是自然的产物,并不是人类生产或创造的,但从人类需求的角度观察,该类产品又是不可或缺的,与物质产品、文化产品一起构成支撑现代人类社会生存和发展的三大类产品。人类从生态产品所提供的生命支持服务和舒适性服务中获得效用。人类经济系统运作中通过消耗生态资源和排放废物对生态产品的供给能力产生负向冲击;人类通过主动增加生态资源存量提高自然界提供生态产品的能力。封闭区域条件下生态产品的供需均衡模型表明生态产品与人类所需其他产品的相对效用是区域居民决策的微观基础。该模型对封闭区域通常需要依次经历一个求富毁绿、富绿并进的发展进程提供了合理解释,并认为生态产品的供给与收入之间存在一种“微笑”的U型曲线关系。与以往普遍认为将生态涵养区隔离成“孤岛”能更好地保持生态原貌的直观认识不同,开放的两区域生态产品供需均衡模型则表明生态涵养区与城镇化地区区际联系越紧密,越能够使生态涵养区形成专业化提供生态产品的内在激励机制,从而避免封闭区域模型中生态涵养区先污染后治理的传统发展路径,有效解决“求富”与“求绿”的现实矛盾。基于研究结论,本文认为,未来中国政府不仅要提高生态补偿标准,同时应将区域补偿金额与该区域生态产品的供给量相联系。另外需要改善生态补偿区与城镇化地区的交通基础设施,增加城镇化地区对生态涵养区的反哺力度,包括实行对生态涵养区的横向转移支付制度.为生态涵养区居民提供更多就业机会等,以实现生态涵养区“富绿”同步发展目标。
대생태산품개념적역사연변진행료소리,지출정학리해생태산품적개념요파악기시대특정병응재학술연구중명학기함의。인위생태산품본신시자연적산물,병불시인류생산혹창조적,단종인류수구적각도관찰,해류산품우시불가혹결적,여물질산품、문화산품일기구성지탱현대인류사회생존화발전적삼대류산품。인류종생태산품소제공적생명지지복무화서괄성복무중획득효용。인류경제계통운작중통과소모생태자원화배방폐물대생태산품적공급능력산생부향충격;인류통과주동증가생태자원존량제고자연계제공생태산품적능력。봉폐구역조건하생태산품적공수균형모형표명생태산품여인류소수기타산품적상대효용시구역거민결책적미관기출。해모형대봉폐구역통상수요의차경력일개구부훼록、부록병진적발전진정제공료합리해석,병인위생태산품적공급여수입지간존재일충“미소”적U형곡선관계。여이왕보편인위장생태함양구격리성“고도”능경호지보지생태원모적직관인식불동,개방적량구역생태산품공수균형모형칙표명생태함양구여성진화지구구제련계월긴밀,월능구사생태함양구형성전업화제공생태산품적내재격려궤제,종이피면봉폐구역모형중생태함양구선오염후치리적전통발전로경,유효해결“구부”여“구록”적현실모순。기우연구결론,본문인위,미래중국정부불부요제고생태보상표준,동시응장구역보상금액여해구역생태산품적공급량상련계。령외수요개선생태보상구여성진화지구적교통기출설시,증가성진화지구대생태함양구적반포력도,포괄실행대생태함양구적횡향전이지부제도.위생태함양구거민제공경다취업궤회등,이실현생태함양구“부록”동보발전목표。
This paper generalizes the historical evolution of the concept of ecological products, and points out that the authors should grasp its era characteristics and clear its meaning in academic research in order to understand the concept of ecological products correctly. This paper argues that the ecological products itself should be a product of nature rather than one of human beings. But these products are indispensable in the view of human needs. Ecological products, together with the material products, cultural products, constitute the foundation of modern human society survival and development. Human beings gain utility from the life support service and comfortable service. Human economic system produces negative impact on the supply ability of ecological products through the consumption of ecological resources and emissions of waste. Human beings increase the ability of nature to provide ecological products through increasing ecological resources. The supply and demand equilibrium model of ecological products under the condition of enclosed area shows that ecological products＇ utility related to other products required by area residents is the micro-foundation of decision-making. The model provides a reasonable explanation that closed areas usually successively experience destroying ecology for the pursuit of being richer and more green hand in hand. The model also argues that the relationship between the supply of ecological products and income show a ＇ smile＇ U-shaped curve. Different from the intuitive understanding that the eco-conserving areas isolated into ＇ islands＇ are better in maintaining the original ecology, the supply and demand equilibrium model of ecological products between two opening regions suggests that a closer link between the eco-conserving areas and the urbanized areas is easier to form internal incentives mechanism since the eco-conserving areas can provide specialized ecological products in order to avoid traditional development path of ＇ pollution first, treatment later＇ and to effectively solve the current conflict of ＇ seeking the rich ＇ and ＇ seeking the green＇. Based on the conclusion, the paper argues that Chinese government should not only improve the ecological compensation standards while regional compensation is linked with the amount of ecological products supply, it should also improve transport infrastructures between the two regions and strengthen the urbanized areas＇ support to the eco-conserving areas, including the implementation of horizontal transfer payment system to the eco-conserving areas and the providing of more employment opportunities for residents in the eco-conserving areas, so as to achieve the goal of the ＇ rich green＇ synchronous development.