CAJ | 학술논문

对生态产品进行价值评估涉及到三大问题：一是需要明确什么是生态产品;二是采用什么样的评估框架结构和指标体系;三是对于每一个具体的指标,采用何种方法进行估算。本文在考察相关学术文献和政府文件后,用一个连续统一体模型阐述了生态产品概念,指出人们观察生态产品采用了不同角度,更反映出人们对生态产品认识的深化过程。本文认为,评估广义意义上的生态产品价值,需要从两个方面进行拓展：一是改造现行的静态模型,构建生态与经济相联系的动态模型;二是将重点由生态产品价值的计量转向生态产品的数量和质量的边际变化对人类福利的影响。基于此,本文列出了九种可以用于评估生态产品价值的框架结构类型方法,他们是：单项指标框架、多维支柱框架、间接驱动力-直接驱动力-生态产品-人类福社变化框架（IDEHC）、目标-指数-联系框架、压力-状态-响应（PSR）框架、驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应（DPSIR）框架、问题领域框架、分部门框架和空间分维框架,并重点介绍了前三种框架模型。对于具体的问题,应根据价值评估使用目的、评估的成本和收益、保持评估过程的开放性与动态性等原则选用相应的评估框架类型。依据市场化程度,可以采用的评估技术和方法有直接市场法、替代市场法和意愿调查法三大类。具体而言,直接市场法主要有成本法、生产率变动法、恢复费用法或重置成本法、影子项目法,替代市场法主要有旅行成本法、内涵价格法、防护费用法或规避行为法,意愿调查法主要有投标博弈法、权衡博弈法、优先性评价法、Delph法等。
대생태산품진행개치평고섭급도삼대문제：일시수요명학십요시생태산품;이시채용십요양적평고광가결구화지표체계;삼시대우매일개구체적지표,채용하충방법진행고산。본문재고찰상관학술문헌화정부문건후,용일개련속통일체모형천술료생태산품개념,지출인문관찰생태산품채용료불동각도,경반영출인문대생태산품인식적심화과정。본문인위,평고엄의의의상적생태산품개치,수요종량개방면진행탁전：일시개조현행적정태모형,구건생태여경제상련계적동태모형;이시장중점유생태산품개치적계량전향생태산품적수량화질량적변제변화대인류복리적영향。기우차,본문렬출료구충가이용우평고생태산품개치적광가결구류형방법,타문시：단항지표광가、다유지주광가、간접구동력-직접구동력-생태산품-인류복사변화광가（IDEHC）、목표-지수-련계광가、압력-상태-향응（PSR）광가、구동력-압력-상태-영향-향응（DPSIR）광가、문제영역광가、분부문광가화공간분유광가,병중점개소료전삼충광가모형。대우구체적문제,응근거개치평고사용목적、평고적성본화수익、보지평고과정적개방성여동태성등원칙선용상응적평고광가류형。의거시장화정도,가이채용적평고기술화방법유직접시장법、체대시장법화의원조사법삼대류。구체이언,직접시장법주요유성본법、생산솔변동법、회복비용법혹중치성본법、영자항목법,체대시장법주요유여행성본법、내함개격법、방호비용법혹규피행위법,의원조사법주요유투표박혁법、권형박혁법、우선성평개법、Delph법등。
To assess the value of eco-product involves three big problems： first, what is eco-products need to be clear; second, what kind of assessment framework and indicator system should be use; third, which methods should be adopted for estimating each specific targets. Through studying relevant academic literatures and government documents, this paper uses a continuum model to expound the coo-product concept, and this reflects that people observe the ecological product using different perspectives and deepen the understanding process on ecological products. The paper argues that the generalized eeo-product value assessment should be expanded from two aspects： One is to transform the existing static model into the dynamic one with ecology and economy linked; the other one is to turn the study from focusing from measuring the coo-product value to studying the marginal changes in the quantity and quality of the eco-products impact on human well-being. Based on this, the paper lists nine assessment framework models that can be used to assess the eeo-product value, they are ： single index framework, multi-dimensional pillar framework, indirect driving force-direct driving force- ecological product-human well-being change framework （ IDEHC ）, goal-index-connection framework, pressure-state-response （PSR） framework, the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response （DPSIR） framework, the problem domain framework, subsector framework and spatial dimension framework, and the paper emphasizes the first three ones. For the specific problem, the corresponding evaluation framework model should be chosen in accordance with the principles of the value assessment goals, the costs and benefits of assessment, and maintaining the open and dynamic assessment process. According to the degree of market-oriented, the assessment approaches can be divided into the direct market method, substitution market method and contingent valuation method （ CVM ）. Specifically, the direct market method mainly includes cost method, productivity change method, replacement cost method, shadow project method, and substitution market method mainly includes travel cost method, hedonic price method, prevention cost method, and CVM mainly has the bidding game method, weighing game method, priority evaluation method and Delph method.