CAJ | 학술논문

当前,中国已成为世界上最大的矿产资源开发利用国家之一。矿产资源开发利用在有效支撑我国经济社会快速发展的同时,也给生态环境带来了巨大破坏。如何规避矿产资源开发利用导致的环境影响,是我国生态文明建设要重点突破的问题。本文采用面板数据模型,从产业结构、技术进步和政府管理三个维度展开理论分析与实证检验,考察了中国矿产资源开发利用的环境影响。结果显示,中国矿产资源开发利用的环境影响存在滞后效应,前期的环境污染对当期的环境影响作用明显;对于不同种类的矿产资源,能源矿产开发利用的环境影响最大,金属矿产次之,非金属矿产的影响相对较低。同时,在矿产资源开发利用形成环境影响的过程中,产业结构是造成环境污染的重要原因,而技术进步在控制环境污染中具有积极的效果。就政府管理而言,东部地区的政府管理对环境污染具有较强的抑制作用,而在中西部地区效果则并不明显。在省域层面制定和实施针对性的资源、环境、产业、技术和政府管理政策,需要重点关注以下方面：一是必须以地域空间的环境承载能力、环境自净能力为依据,政策选择和过程实施要具有长期性和针对性;二是促进煤炭等能源资源开采、转化与终端消费等环节的清洁化,构建现代能源产业体系;三是在矿产资源开发利用中,要进一步挖掘技术潜力,加强技术创新;四是要激励各个地区在矿产资源开发利用与环境规制中保持积极态度,防治资源寻租和环境寻租。
당전,중국이성위세계상최대적광산자원개발이용국가지일。광산자원개발이용재유효지탱아국경제사회쾌속발전적동시,야급생태배경대래료거대파배。여하규피광산자원개발이용도치적배경영향,시아국생태문명건설요중점돌파적문제。본문채용면판수거모형,종산업결구、기술진보화정부관리삼개유도전개이론분석여실증검험,고찰료중국광산자원개발이용적배경영향。결과현시,중국광산자원개발이용적배경영향존재체후효응,전기적배경오염대당기적배경영향작용명현;대우불동충류적광산자원,능원광산개발이용적배경영향최대,금속광산차지,비금속광산적영향상대교저。동시,재광산자원개발이용형성배경영향적과정중,산업결구시조성배경오염적중요원인,이기술진보재공제배경오염중구유적겁적효과。취정부관리이언,동부지구적정부관리대배경오염구유교강적억제작용,이재중서부지구효과칙병불명현。재성역층면제정화실시침대성적자원、배경、산업、기술화정부관리정책,수요중점관주이하방면：일시필수이지역공간적배경승재능력、배경자정능력위의거,정책선택화과정실시요구유장기성화침대성;이시촉진매탄등능원자원개채、전화여종단소비등배절적청길화,구건현대능원산업체계;삼시재광산자원개발이용중,요진일보알굴기술잠력,가강기술창신;사시요격려각개지구재광산자원개발이용여배경규제중보지적겁태도,방치자원심조화배경심조。
China has become one of the largest countries in exploitation and utilization of mineral resources in the world. The development and utilization of mineral resources has effectively supported China＇ s rapid economic and social development, but at the same time, it also has brought great damages to the ecological environment. How to avoid the environmental impact caused by the development and utilization of mineral resources is an important problem for China in the current construction of ecological civilization. Adopting the panel data model, from three dimensions--industrial division of labor, technological progress, and the government management, this paper theoretically and empirically analyzed the overall impacts and regional differences of environmental impacts caused by the development and utilization of mineral resources in China. The result showed that, the lag effect of environmental impacts existed in China＇ s development and utilization of mineral resources, and the previous environmental impacts on the current environment were obvious. For different kinds of mineral resources, environmental impacts of energy minerals took the first place, metallic mineral was the second, and the impacts of non-metallic mineral were relatively low. Meanwhile, in the process of the development and utilization of mineral resources, the national and regional data both showed that the industrial division was the most important reason for the environmental pollution, while the technological process had a positive effect on the control of environmental pollution. In the aspect of government management, the eastern region has a strong inhibitory effect on environmental pollution. While in the central and western regions, it has no obvious effect on controlling environmental pollution. In different provinces, formulating and implementing targeted policies of resources, environment, industry, technology and government management, would provide power to effectively improve natural environment. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the following aspects： At first, the choices and implementation of the pollution treatment policy need to have long-range and pertinence character which should be on the basis of the considering about the regional environmental carrying capacity and the self purification ability. Secondly, we need to construct a modern energy industrial system which will promote the exploitation, transformation and consumption of clean energy. Thirdly, the exploitation and innovation of potential technology for the development and utilization of mineral resources will be always important. Finally, we should encourage local governments to maintain a positive attitude in the development and utilization of mineral resources and environmental regulation, and the rent-seeking behavior of resources and environment must be strictly limited.