CAJ | 학술논문

黑色旅游是一种独特的旅游形式,其开发实践和理论发展一直存在着诸多争议。尽管相关学术研究已开展20多年,但这一领域所存在的一些根本性理论问题至今仍未解决,许多理论观点尚未形成共识。文章针对黑色旅游研究中的若干理论问题,以动机和内驱力为出发点,试图系统地探讨黑色旅游的本质规定性,厘定黑色旅游与死亡主题之间所具有的特殊而复杂的关系,并借助审美和审丑、悲剧和喜剧、优美和壮美等范畴,在美学框架下拓展了Stone的黑色旅游谱模型,从更广泛和深入的意义上论证了＂黑色旅游是一种既符合一般意义上的旅游愉悦体验又属于具有独特的死亡观照特性的旅游类型＂这一核心命题,从而将死亡观照这一美学范畴纳入黑色旅游愉悦体验的理论分析视野。在此基础上,重新界定了黑色旅游这一概念,探讨了其类型,梳理了黑色旅游的完整谱系,试图在体验视角下对黑色旅游的概念框架及核心命题作出系统阐释,对国内外黑色旅游研究中的诸多争议给出全面的回应,以期为黑色旅游的开发实践奠定相应的理论基础。
흑색여유시일충독특적여유형식,기개발실천화이론발전일직존재착제다쟁의。진관상관학술연구이개전20다년,단저일영역소존재적일사근본성이론문제지금잉미해결,허다이론관점상미형성공식。문장침대흑색여유연구중적약간이론문제,이동궤화내구력위출발점,시도계통지탐토흑색여유적본질규정성,전정흑색여유여사망주제지간소구유적특수이복잡적관계,병차조심미화심축、비극화희극、우미화장미등범주,재미학광가하탁전료Stone적흑색여유보모형,종경엄범화심입적의의상론증료＂흑색여유시일충기부합일반의의상적여유유열체험우속우구유독특적사망관조특성적여유류형＂저일핵심명제,종이장사망관조저일미학범주납입흑색여유유열체험적이론분석시야。재차기출상,중신계정료흑색여유저일개념,탐토료기류형,소리료흑색여유적완정보계,시도재체험시각하대흑색여유적개념광가급핵심명제작출계통천석,대국내외흑색여유연구중적제다쟁의급출전면적회응,이기위흑색여유적개발실천전정상응적이론기출。
Dark tourism is a unique form of tourism and its development has led to controversy.Although the topic of dark tourism has been studied for more than 20 years, some fundamental issues that exist in this area have still not been integrated and elaborated systematically. Many of the theoretical points of view espoused have not been established through academic consensus. This situation is particularly the case in the domestic tourism academic world, where much of the research on dark tourism involves simple repeats and summaries of foreign academic research with little or no independent thinking and original theoretical contributions. What is even more alarming is that some conclusions about dark tourism in domestic tourism studies are illogical, and the concepts of dark tourism defined are neither systematic nor comprehensive. As a result, they lack conviction and cease to be effective in offering practical guidance to the tourism industry.Based on a fundamental and extensive review of the domestic and international research on dark tourism, our article discusses the essential nature of dark tourism from the point of view of its internal drives and motivations, and clarifies the unique and complex relationship between dark tourism and the topic of death. Furthermore, through the use of categories that include aesthetic judgment, judgment of ugliness, theory of tragedy, theory of comedy, the appreciation of grace and the appreciation of magnificence, this article expands Stone＇s linear dark tourism spectrum model into a framework with four quadrants to illustrate the different combinations of four concepts, namely deep dark tourism, light gray tourism, aesthetic judgment, and the judgment of ugliness under the aegis of aesthetics. This new spectrum offers a classification of dark tourism from both the psychological experience and aesthetic judgment perspectives, and helps us to have a clearer understanding of the motivations and drives behind dark tourism. It clarifies the difference between death perception and real death experience, and explains that the kind of death people are appreciating in dark tourism is not pure biological death, but shows that their appreciation has the meaning of tragic death. Our article then develops a new definition of dark tourism based on the logic law of＂species plus differentia＂, and formulates the core proposition that＂dark tourism is one type of tourism; it conforms with the pleasure experience of tourism in general, but has its own unique characteristics of thanatopsis at the same time＂. Based on the above discussion and analysis, our article finally defines the concept of dark tourism systematically and explains several key points about this concept in detail. In brief, our article makes an attempt to explain the essence of dark tourism based on an exploration of the motivation and drives of dark tourists, and distinguishes between the death people appreciate in dark tourism and the death associated with common life. Furthermore, the article also seeks to systematically explain the conceptual framework of dark tourism and its core propositions from the perspective of the tourism experience, and to respond to many of the controversies discussed in the domestic and international literature. In sum, we expect this article to establish a more rigorous theoretical foundation and to clarify related concepts for the development of dark tourism.