CAJ | 학술논문

被告人翻供是我国刑事司法实践的一大难题,由于被告人庭前供述缺乏证据能力规则的约束,法官普遍以被告人庭前供述定案,这是导致我国冤假错案的一项重要原因。为此,有必要建立完善的被告人庭前供述的证据能力规则。国外在被告人庭前供述准入制度的设置上,存在传闻例外模式与直接言词模式;在庭前供述排除制度的设置上,存在正当程序模式与任意性模式。我国宜借鉴直接言词模式与任意性模式,在庭前供述与当庭供述一致时,庭前供述不具备证据能力;在庭前供述与当庭供述不一致时,庭前供述如果具备自愿性要件可以作为弹劾证据,只有同时具备自愿性与真实性要件时才可作为实质证据。
피고인번공시아국형사사법실천적일대난제,유우피고인정전공술결핍증거능력규칙적약속,법관보편이피고인정전공술정안,저시도치아국원가착안적일항중요원인。위차,유필요건립완선적피고인정전공술적증거능력규칙。국외재피고인정전공술준입제도적설치상,존재전문예외모식여직접언사모식;재정전공술배제제도적설치상,존재정당정서모식여임의성모식。아국의차감직접언사모식여임의성모식,재정전공술여당정공술일치시,정전공술불구비증거능력;재정전공술여당정공술불일치시,정전공술여과구비자원성요건가이작위탄핵증거,지유동시구비자원성여진실성요건시재가작위실질증거。
Defendant retracted is a major problem in our judicial practice. Because the defendant’s pretrial confession lack of constraint of evidence capacity,judges generally finalized on pretrial confession. This is an important cause of miscarriages of justice. Therefore,it is necessary to establish the evidence capacity on the defendant’s pretrial confession. In other countries,there are hearsay exception mode and direct verbal mode on the set of access system,and there are due process mode and arbitrary mode on the set of excluded system. We should draw the direct verbal mode and arbitrary mode.When pretrial confession and trial confession are consistent,the former does not have the evidence capability. When pretrial confession and trial confession are inconsistent,the former can be used as impeachment evidence,and it can also be used as substantial evidence when it has voluntary and arbitrary elements.