延边大学学报：社会科学版
延邊大學學報：社會科學版
연변대학학보：사회과학판
Journal of Yanbian University(Social Sciences)
2015年
2期
14~22
,共null页
钓鱼岛 吞并琉球 《马关条约》 战后处置 搁置争议
釣魚島 吞併琉毬 《馬關條約》 戰後處置 擱置爭議
조어도 탄병류구 《마관조약》 전후처치 각치쟁의
Diaoyu Islands; annexation of Ryukyu; Treaty of Shimonoseki; the outcomes of the victory of World Anti-Fascist War; leaving the issue to be resolved later
作为台湾岛附属岛屿的钓鱼列岛,中国因首先发现、命名和利用而取得原始权利。日本明治维新后,非法吞并琉球建立冲绳县,并在甲午战争战局已定时,暗中将钓鱼岛划入冲绳县管辖。《马关条约》是日本取得钓鱼岛主权的唯一法律依据。按照第二次世界大战期间的《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》以及日本投降书,战后钓鱼岛在法理上已经回归中国。但美国凭借片面的《旧金山和约》托管琉球并擅自将托管范围扩大到钓鱼岛,又于1971年将钓鱼岛施政权移交给日本。虽然中国声明不承认美日对于钓鱼岛的处置,但考虑问题的现实复杂性,强调中日双方可以将问题暂时搁置。近年日本荒诞购岛致使钓鱼岛问题全面升级,中国为此采取了一系列强硬的应对措施。目前,该问题得到暂时缓解。
作為檯灣島附屬島嶼的釣魚列島,中國因首先髮現、命名和利用而取得原始權利。日本明治維新後,非法吞併琉毬建立遲繩縣,併在甲午戰爭戰跼已定時,暗中將釣魚島劃入遲繩縣管轄。《馬關條約》是日本取得釣魚島主權的唯一法律依據。按照第二次世界大戰期間的《開囉宣言》、《波茨坦公告》以及日本投降書,戰後釣魚島在法理上已經迴歸中國。但美國憑藉片麵的《舊金山和約》託管琉毬併擅自將託管範圍擴大到釣魚島,又于1971年將釣魚島施政權移交給日本。雖然中國聲明不承認美日對于釣魚島的處置,但攷慮問題的現實複雜性,彊調中日雙方可以將問題暫時擱置。近年日本荒誕購島緻使釣魚島問題全麵升級,中國為此採取瞭一繫列彊硬的應對措施。目前,該問題得到暫時緩解。
작위태만도부속도서적조어렬도,중국인수선발현、명명화이용이취득원시권리。일본명치유신후,비법탄병류구건립충승현,병재갑오전쟁전국이정시,암중장조어도화입충승현관할。《마관조약》시일본취득조어도주권적유일법률의거。안조제이차세계대전기간적《개라선언》、《파자탄공고》이급일본투강서,전후조어도재법리상이경회귀중국。단미국빙차편면적《구금산화약》탁관류구병천자장탁관범위확대도조어도,우우1971년장조어도시정권이교급일본。수연중국성명불승인미일대우조어도적처치,단고필문제적현실복잡성,강조중일쌍방가이장문제잠시각치。근년일본황탄구도치사조어도문제전면승급,중국위차채취료일계렬강경적응대조시。목전,해문제득도잠시완해。
Affiliated to Taiwan Island, Diaoyu Islands were first discovered, named and exploited by China, so China iustified claiming inchoate title in accordance with the international law. Japan seized Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture after the Meiji Restoration and se- cretly ＂included＂ Diaoyu Islands into its territory at the end of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894--1895. Japan then forced China to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki and cede to Japan the island of Formosa （Taiwan）, together with the Diaoyu Islands. After the Sec- ond World War, Diaoyu Islands were returned to China in accordance with Cairo Declaration, Potsdam Proclamation and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender. However, the United States arbitrarily included the Diaoyu Islands under its trusteeship in the 1950s and＂re- turned＂ the ＂power of administration＂ over Diaoyu Islands to Japan in 1971. As China and Japan were normalizing relations, leaders of the two countries reached important consensus on ＂leaving the issue of the Diaoyu Islands to be resolved later＂. In recent years, however, Japan has repeatedly taken unilateral measures and conducted in particular the so-called＂nationalization＂ of the Diaoyu Islands. This severely infringed upon China＇s sovereignty. China has, over the past years, taken resolute measures to safeguard its sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands. At present, the tense situation of Diaoyu Islands is temporarily eased.
