CAJ | 학술논문

巡回审判制度起源于中世纪的英格兰,可分为总巡回审判（general eyre）和委任巡回审判（assize）两类。巡回审判的产生发展与英格兰在中世纪的政治传统和诺曼制度息息相关,诺曼征服使盎格鲁-撒克逊传统王权和诺曼底封建制度相结合,国家治理模式体现出一种＂个人王权＂的特点。随着社会发展,在亨利一世时,个人王权开始向行政王权转变,总巡回法庭兴起,负担起原本主要由国王个人承担的国家治理功能,统揽地方治理工作。由于中央官僚体系的进一步发展,总巡回审的司法、财政、监察等职能慢慢被剥离出去,最终走向消亡。而专注于司法职能,更加灵活、专业的委任巡回审判则脱颖而出,一直延续到现代。巡回审判在英国具有原生性的特点,分析这一制度在英格兰的源起与发展能帮助我们更好地理解其价值所在,为我国巡回审判制度的构建提供借鉴。
순회심판제도기원우중세기적영격란,가분위총순회심판（general eyre）화위임순회심판（assize）량류。순회심판적산생발전여영격란재중세기적정치전통화낙만제도식식상관,낙만정복사앙격로-살극손전통왕권화낙만저봉건제도상결합,국가치리모식체현출일충＂개인왕권＂적특점。수착사회발전,재형리일세시,개인왕권개시향행정왕권전변,총순회법정흥기,부담기원본주요유국왕개인승담적국가치리공능,통람지방치리공작。유우중앙관료체계적진일보발전,총순회심적사법、재정、감찰등직능만만피박리출거,최종주향소망。이전주우사법직능,경가령활、전업적위임순회심판칙탈영이출,일직연속도현대。순회심판재영국구유원생성적특점,분석저일제도재영격란적원기여발전능방조아문경호지리해기개치소재,위아국순회심판제도적구건제공차감。
The circuit system was originated in medieval England,which was divided as general eyre and assize. The origination and evolution of Circuit System is closely in relation with the medieval England tradition and Norman institutions,and the Norman Conquest made a combination integrating the traditional Anglo-Saxon kingship with the Norman feudal system,the mode of territory governance show a characteristic of personal kingship. As the development of society,under the reign of Henry I,the personal kingship was transferred to administrate kingship,thus the general eyre emerged,which took over the function of king himself in territory governance. However the general eyre soon died out,its judiciary,fiscal and supervisory functions were eventually superseded by the other branches of the developed central bureau system.The assize,focusing on the judicial function and was more flexible and professional,stood out and existed until the very modern time. The circuit system has its essential features in English judiciary tradition,the analysis of its origination and evolution may help grasp its values more exactly,and provide a precious experience for us.