法律科学：西北政法学院学报
法律科學：西北政法學院學報
법률과학：서북정법학원학보
Science of Law
2015年
2期
108~118
,共null页
客观未遂论 主观未遂论 不能犯 客观危险说 具体危险说
客觀未遂論 主觀未遂論 不能犯 客觀危險說 具體危險說
객관미수론 주관미수론 불능범 객관위험설 구체위험설
heory of objective attempt; theory of subjective attempt; impossible attempt; objective danger doctrine; concrete danger doctrine
我国未遂犯处罚根据论经历了由主客观相统一说的混沌到客观未遂论的勃兴以及主观未遂论的坚守的理论嬗变。无论是根据当代刑法的基本立场,还是参照世界范围内未遂犯理论、立法与判例的变迁,抑或从中国当下的法治语境及客观需要出发,客观未遂论较之于主观未遂论,都是更为妥当和可采的未遂犯处罚根据理论。不能犯的可罚性是检验未遂犯处罚根据论的试金石。关于不能犯的危险性的判断,应当采取具体危险说,以适当地界定可罚的未遂犯与不可罚的不能犯,避免抽象危险说主观主义的倾向以及对于不能犯的可罚性抽象肯定而具体否定的局限,防止客观危险说自然主义的倾向以及过于扩张不可罚的不能犯范围的弊端。
我國未遂犯處罰根據論經歷瞭由主客觀相統一說的混沌到客觀未遂論的勃興以及主觀未遂論的堅守的理論嬗變。無論是根據噹代刑法的基本立場,還是參照世界範圍內未遂犯理論、立法與判例的變遷,抑或從中國噹下的法治語境及客觀需要齣髮,客觀未遂論較之于主觀未遂論,都是更為妥噹和可採的未遂犯處罰根據理論。不能犯的可罰性是檢驗未遂犯處罰根據論的試金石。關于不能犯的危險性的判斷,應噹採取具體危險說,以適噹地界定可罰的未遂犯與不可罰的不能犯,避免抽象危險說主觀主義的傾嚮以及對于不能犯的可罰性抽象肯定而具體否定的跼限,防止客觀危險說自然主義的傾嚮以及過于擴張不可罰的不能犯範圍的弊耑。
아국미수범처벌근거론경력료유주객관상통일설적혼돈도객관미수론적발흥이급주관미수론적견수적이론선변。무론시근거당대형법적기본립장,환시삼조세계범위내미수범이론、입법여판례적변천,억혹종중국당하적법치어경급객관수요출발,객관미수론교지우주관미수론,도시경위타당화가채적미수범처벌근거이론。불능범적가벌성시검험미수범처벌근거론적시금석。관우불능범적위험성적판단,응당채취구체위험설,이괄당지계정가벌적미수범여불가벌적불능범,피면추상위험설주관주의적경향이급대우불능범적가벌성추상긍정이구체부정적국한,방지객관위험설자연주의적경향이급과우확장불가벌적불능범범위적폐단。
The theory on why people should be punished for attempted crimes has experienced three stages in China：the chaos of the theory of unification of subjective and objective attempt,the rise of the theory of objective attempt and the firm stance on the theory of subjective attempt. According to the ground of contemporary criminal law,the worldwide historical development of the theory,legislation and judicial precedents of punishment for attempted crimes,as well as the judicial context and objective necessity of China,the theory of objective attempt should be a more suitable choice as the basis of punishment for attempted offenses. An important check is to try the criteria on the punishment for impossible attempts. If even the abstract danger of an attempted offense leads to criminal punishment,the impossible attempt is also punishable at the general sense,although it will certainly not be punished in the individual case. On the contrary,if the objective danger（ objective probability of completing an attempted offense） acts as the merely criteria for the punishment of attempts,this would also ignore the intent of the offender and extend the scope of unpunishable impossible attempt. Therefore,whether an impossible attempt can be punished,should depend on the concrete danger that the offender has caused in individual cases.In this sense,the concrete danger not only defines the boundary between punishable attempts and unpunishable impossible attempts,but also avoid the tendency of subjectivism by the abstract danger doctrine and the tendency of naturalism by the objective danger doctrine.
