CAJ | 학술논문

采用回指解决方法,通过3个实验探讨了路径转弯对空间情境模型建构的影响机制。实验1和实验2的结果表明,读者在建构含有路径转弯的语篇时,在一定范围内出现了路径转弯效应。总体趋势为当语篇的空间描述简单（转弯次数〈2）时,目标句的阅读时间会随着转弯次数的增多而增长,但当语篇的空间描述复杂（转弯次数〉2）时,不仅不再出现路径转弯效应,反而出现了该效应的反转现象。实验3借助眼动仪监测,运用语篇与主人公行走路线同步动态呈现模式,让被试实时追随主人公行走路线,控制转弯次数和路径距离,以当前位置与回指地点间的直线距离为自变量,探究读者在空间描述复杂时建构空间情境模型的心理机制。实验结果表明当阅读空间描述简单的语篇时,读者建构的空间情境模型是路线型的,通过逆向搜索的方式进行回指解决;当语篇的空间描述较为复杂时,读者倾向于建构地图型空间情境模型,以俯视的视角通过空间搭桥寻找空间最短直线距离进行回指解决。
채용회지해결방법,통과3개실험탐토료로경전만대공간정경모형건구적영향궤제。실험1화실험2적결과표명,독자재건구함유로경전만적어편시,재일정범위내출현료로경전만효응。총체추세위당어편적공간묘술간단（전만차수〈2）시,목표구적열독시간회수착전만차수적증다이증장,단당어편적공간묘술복잡（전만차수〉2）시,불부불재출현로경전만효응,반이출현료해효응적반전현상。실험3차조안동의감측,운용어편여주인공행주로선동보동태정현모식,양피시실시추수주인공행주로선,공제전만차수화로경거리,이당전위치여회지지점간적직선거리위자변량,탐구독자재공간묘술복잡시건구공간정경모형적심리궤제。실험결과표명당열독공간묘술간단적어편시,독자건구적공간정경모형시로선형적,통과역향수색적방식진행회지해결;당어편적공간묘술교위복잡시,독자경향우건구지도형공간정경모형,이부시적시각통과공간탑교심조공간최단직선거리진행회지해결。
Research on text comprehension is an important part of cognitive psychology, Situation model is considered as the higher level of text representation, so it attracts the focuses of many researchers. The spatial dimension of situation model has been explored most often. Layout-learning Anaphora resolution is an important way to explore the representation of spatial distance in text comprehension. Our paper explored the rules of distance representation in three experiments and advanced some hypotheses. In Experiment 1, we used the method of layout-learning Anaphora resolution while controlling the path distance（including category distance and measure distance） and linear distance, with the number of turns as the independent variables, to examine whether the route-angularity effect occur. During the Experiment1, those who are experimented first should study the layout diagram of the company, and memorize the location of each room and the specific items in each room until they feel they can describe the location of each room and the specific items within the room in detail. During the Experiment1, the observers were first asked to learn the layout diagram of a fictional company, including the specific locations and names of each room. Then a reading comprehensive test was conducted to make sure the observers could remember these details. In Experiment2, we used a pure natural discourse reading test, which was traditionally supposed to construct the spatial situation mode, to determine whether there is still route-angularity effect in discourse comprehension under such a mode, and the whether the effect, if any, was modulated by the complex levels of spatial in description. In the natural discourse reading test, we controlled the path distance and linear distance, with the number of turns as the independent variable, and require the observers first read some discourses relevant to route-angularity, and thenfinish the reading comprehension questions directly. Experiment 3 used the mode that the leading character walks synchronous dynamic with the discourse, with the help of eye detecting, forcing the observers follow the leading character＇s route. Controlling the number of turnings and route distance, with the linear distance between the current location and the anaphora position as independent variable, we aimed to probe the observers＇ psychological mechanism when they construct spatial situational mode in complex spatial description. The observers were showed dynamic route map while reading the discourses, and after that, they have to judge the mark in the map. The observers＇ reading time of the target sentences, the total fixation time in anaphora words, and reaction time of judging the mark were recorded. A hundred and ten college students with normal vision participated, with sixty in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, with fifty in Experiment 3, respectively. In Experiment 1, we used the method of layout-learning Anaphora resolution which was explained in the foregoing paragraph. In experiment 2, participants read narratives describing location of a small town, and in each site there was an object. By motion sentences, the participants＇ attentions were removed from one site to another. Reading times of the following target sentences that refer to objects in one of these site by means of a definite noun phrase can imply whether participants established a spatial representation of text or not. In experiment 3, using eye movement monitoring, display the text and the routes synchronous, forcing the subjects to follow the protagonist in real time, Separated category distance and metric distance and the number of angularity, the results showed that when the category distance and metric distance and the number of angularity were all the same, the Straight-line distance influenced the time of anaphora resolution. All the data were analyzed with repeated-measure ANOVA. In Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, the general trend is that the observers spent more time on reading the target sentences as the increasing appearances of route-angularity when the discourse spatial description is simple（angularity routes〈2）. By contrary, when the discourse spatial description is comparatively complicated（angularity routes 〉2）, there would be no any trace of the route-angularity effect but instead the reversal effect would appear. In Experiment 3, the Fixation time of the anaphora words was longer when the straight stretch was farther in the complicated spatial condition, and also the time spent on reading the target sentences and the judging time. Integrated the three experiments, we can prove that route-angularity does effects on distance representation in text comprehension. When the description of location is simple, the spatial situation models which readers constructed were route-chart type, they completed anaphora resolution through reverse searching; when the description is more complex, readers prefer to construct a map-based space situation model, and find the shortest straight line distance through the space bridge.