CAJ | 학술논문

以数字和字母为实验材料,考察了多身份追踪任务中目标与非目标的身份特征范畴性差异对目标追踪与身份识别的影响,并探讨了其可能的认知加工机制。实验1A让被试追踪5个目标,并操作目标与非目标的身份特征从无差异（目标与非目标为相同的数字）、范畴内差异（目标与非目标为各不相同的数字）到范畴间差异（目标为各不相同的数字,非目标为各不相同的字母）变化,发现随着目标与非目标差异水平的提高,追踪正确率也显著提高。实验1B通过变化追踪目标数量为4和5操作追踪负荷,发现中等负荷条件下（目标数量为5）实验结果与实验1A相同,即目标与非目标身份特征的范畴内差异和范畴间差异均可促进追踪表现。实验2考察了目标与非目标身份特征的范畴间差异水平对追踪表现与身份识别的影响。结果发现随着范畴间差异水平的提高,被试的追踪表现与身份识别表现都得到了显著提高,但身份识别表现低于追踪表现。对可能解释以上现象的工作记忆理论、分组理论以及多身份追踪模型进行了分析讨论。
이수자화자모위실험재료,고찰료다신빈추종임무중목표여비목표적신빈특정범주성차이대목표추종여신빈식별적영향,병탐토료기가능적인지가공궤제。실험1A양피시추종5개목표,병조작목표여비목표적신빈특정종무차이（목표여비목표위상동적수자）、범주내차이（목표여비목표위각불상동적수자）도범주간차이（목표위각불상동적수자,비목표위각불상동적자모）변화,발현수착목표여비목표차이수평적제고,추종정학솔야현저제고。실험1B통과변화추종목표수량위4화5조작추종부하,발현중등부하조건하（목표수량위5）실험결과여실험1A상동,즉목표여비목표신빈특정적범주내차이화범주간차이균가촉진추종표현。실험2고찰료목표여비목표신빈특정적범주간차이수평대추종표현여신빈식별적영향。결과발현수착범주간차이수평적제고,피시적추종표현여신빈식별표현도득도료현저제고,단신빈식별표현저우추종표현。대가능해석이상현상적공작기억이론、분조이론이급다신빈추종모형진행료분석토론。
Research on Multiple Identity Tracking（MIT） focused on the influence of differences in properties of targets＇ and non-targets＇ identities on tracking performance and identity recognition. It has been found that the uniqueness of single property, but not compounded property, facilitated tracking performance. However, the uniqueness of compounded property could facilitate tracking performance in the condition where the property guided or oriented attention towards targets. The facilitating effect was also affected by both the complexity of identity information and working memory load. One problem with the previous research is that the same category of stimuli（e.g., either numbers or letters） served as targets and non-targets. The current study involved two categories of stimuli（i.e., 0-9 and A、C、E、K、N、P、R、T、U、Y） and manipulated the differences between targets and non-targets to investigate the effects of differences in targets-nontargets identity on tracking performance and identity recognition. Two experiments had been conducted with undergraduate students using the MIT paradigm. Experiment 1A included three conditions： no identity difference（e.g., both targets and non-targets were the same numbers）,within-category difference（e.g., targets and non-targets were different numbers）, and between-category difference（e.g., targets were numbers and non-targets were letters）. Results showed a significantly greater tracking performance in the between-category difference condition relative to the no identity difference condition, with within-category difference in between. Experiment 1B simultaneously manipulated the identity differences（no difference, within-category difference, between-category difference） and the number of targets（4 vs. 5） and found a significant interaction between the two factors. That is, when there were 4 targets（6 non-targets）, tracking performance for between-category difference and within-category difference was better than for no identity difference; when there were 5 targets（5 non-targets）, tracking performance for between-category difference was better than for within-category and no identity difference. And tracking performance for within-category difference was significantly better than for no identity difference. Experiment 2 altered the degrees of between-category difference. Non-targets in the third experiment were 5 letters. Targets were 4 letters and 1 number（low-difference condition）, 2 letters and 3 numbers（medium-difference condition）, and 5 numbers（high-difference condition）. We observed that both tracking performance and identity recognition increased with the increasing degree of difference. The results of the two experiments indicated that between-category identity difference between targets and non-targets facilitated tracking performance and identity recognition in the multiple identity tracking task. These results could be explained by the working memory model, grouping theory and Model of Multiple Identity Tracking（MOMIT）.