政法论坛：中国政法大学学报
政法論罈：中國政法大學學報
정법론단：중국정법대학학보
Tribune of Political Science and Law(Journal of China University of Political Science and Law)
2015年
2期
38~51
,共null页
行为无价值二元论 未遂犯 修正的客观未遂论 偶然防卫
行為無價值二元論 未遂犯 脩正的客觀未遂論 偶然防衛
행위무개치이원론 미수범 수정적객관미수론 우연방위
The Dualism of Conduct Without Value; The Attempt; Corrected Objective Attempt; Haphazard Defense
按照行为无价值二元论的逻辑,对于违法性应该同时结合行为无价值和结果无价值进行检验。行为对法益的危险也是结果不法的表现形式,犯罪未遂也同时要求行为无价值和结果无价值。对于未遂犯的定罪,因为离开行为人的意思完全无法确定行为性质,因此,不得不先考虑主观要素——行为人根据其对行为的想法而着手实施构成要件,但并非出于己意而未得逞的,是犯罪未遂。不过,为防止未遂犯认定上的司法恣意,需要特别注意确立相对实质化、客观化的行为着手判断标准,强调判断标准（而非判断对象）的客观性,以避免刑法主观主义（修正的客观未遂论）。在判断未遂犯中的危险是否存在时,需要立足于事前的一般人基准,评估行为再次重演并导致结果的可能性。偶然防卫具有行为无价值,但缺乏故意杀人罪既遂的结果无价值,因此,不具有故意杀人罪既遂的不法;但从行为时一般人的角度来看,认定行为具有侵害生命法益的危险,因此,其应当成立故意杀人罪未遂。
按照行為無價值二元論的邏輯,對于違法性應該同時結閤行為無價值和結果無價值進行檢驗。行為對法益的危險也是結果不法的錶現形式,犯罪未遂也同時要求行為無價值和結果無價值。對于未遂犯的定罪,因為離開行為人的意思完全無法確定行為性質,因此,不得不先攷慮主觀要素——行為人根據其對行為的想法而著手實施構成要件,但併非齣于己意而未得逞的,是犯罪未遂。不過,為防止未遂犯認定上的司法恣意,需要特彆註意確立相對實質化、客觀化的行為著手判斷標準,彊調判斷標準（而非判斷對象）的客觀性,以避免刑法主觀主義（脩正的客觀未遂論）。在判斷未遂犯中的危險是否存在時,需要立足于事前的一般人基準,評估行為再次重縯併導緻結果的可能性。偶然防衛具有行為無價值,但缺乏故意殺人罪既遂的結果無價值,因此,不具有故意殺人罪既遂的不法;但從行為時一般人的角度來看,認定行為具有侵害生命法益的危險,因此,其應噹成立故意殺人罪未遂。
안조행위무개치이원론적라집,대우위법성응해동시결합행위무개치화결과무개치진행검험。행위대법익적위험야시결과불법적표현형식,범죄미수야동시요구행위무개치화결과무개치。대우미수범적정죄,인위리개행위인적의사완전무법학정행위성질,인차,불득불선고필주관요소——행위인근거기대행위적상법이착수실시구성요건,단병비출우기의이미득령적,시범죄미수。불과,위방지미수범인정상적사법자의,수요특별주의학립상대실질화、객관화적행위착수판단표준,강조판단표준（이비판단대상）적객관성,이피면형법주관주의（수정적객관미수론）。재판단미수범중적위험시부존재시,수요립족우사전적일반인기준,평고행위재차중연병도치결과적가능성。우연방위구유행위무개치,단결핍고의살인죄기수적결과무개치,인차,불구유고의살인죄기수적불법;단종행위시일반인적각도래간,인정행위구유침해생명법익적위험,인차,기응당성립고의살인죄미수。
According to the Logic of dualism of without value theories,it should take both the concept of conduct without value（ Handlungsunwert） and the concept of consequence without value（ Erfolgsunwert） to examine the illegality of the act. The act is dangerous to the legal interests and is a form of unlawfulness based on consequences. The attempt to act requires both the conduct without value and consequence without value.Because it is impossible to determine the nature of behavior without the doer＇s intention,the subjective factor should be taken into consideration when convict an attempt. And An Attempt means that the doer has been trying to commit an crime according to the same intention,but fails which is not with his own will. However,in order to prevent the arbitrary exercise of judicial power on convicting an attempted offense,we should pay attention to establish a relatively substantial and objective criteria for deciding the act to commit a crime,emphasizing the objectivity of the criteria（ not the object） for the purpose of avoiding the subjectivism（ corrected objective attempt）. When determining whether the dangerousness exists or not in the attempt offence,we need to base on the average person theory before the event,and evaluate the possibility of reappearance and causing result of the act. Haphazard defense is kind of conduct without value and is lack of the consequence without value of crime of intentional homicide,thus,it is not illegal for crime of intentional homicide. However,from the perspective of the average person theory,the act of haphazard defense is harmful to the legal interest of life,it should be convicted as an attempt to commit the crime of intentional homicide.
