中外法学
中外法學
중외법학
2015年
1期
60~78
,共null页
共同危险行为 因果关系 证明责任 法律推定 免责
共同危險行為 因果關繫 證明責任 法律推定 免責
공동위험행위 인과관계 증명책임 법률추정 면책
Joint Dangerous Conduct; Casual Relationship ; Burden of Proof; Legal Presumption; Ex-emption of Liabilities
无因果关系即免责是共同危险行为规则的题中应有之义，也是国际通行做法，我国《侵权责任法》第10条应作此解释。将《侵权责任法》第10条解释为“不许共同危险行为人证明无因果关系而免责、只有证明具体侵权人方可免责”，存在否定推定逻辑、夸大全体免责之忧、陷入查明加害人激励悖论、误解“不能够确定具体侵权人”、本末倒置“能够确定具体侵权人”、违背免责事由原理、过度制裁行为人、过分纠结于条文字面比较等缺陷。
無因果關繫即免責是共同危險行為規則的題中應有之義，也是國際通行做法，我國《侵權責任法》第10條應作此解釋。將《侵權責任法》第10條解釋為“不許共同危險行為人證明無因果關繫而免責、隻有證明具體侵權人方可免責”，存在否定推定邏輯、誇大全體免責之憂、陷入查明加害人激勵悖論、誤解“不能夠確定具體侵權人”、本末倒置“能夠確定具體侵權人”、違揹免責事由原理、過度製裁行為人、過分糾結于條文字麵比較等缺陷。
무인과관계즉면책시공동위험행위규칙적제중응유지의，야시국제통행주법，아국《침권책임법》제10조응작차해석。장《침권책임법》제10조해석위“불허공동위험행위인증명무인과관계이면책、지유증명구체침권인방가면책”，존재부정추정라집、과대전체면책지우、함입사명가해인격려패론、오해“불능구학정구체침권인”、본말도치“능구학정구체침권인”、위배면책사유원리、과도제재행위인、과분규결우조문자면비교등결함。
Noncasual relationship amounting to exemption of liability is incorporated in the rules of the joint dangerous conduct, and is the international customary practice as well. Article 10 of the Tort Law of the People＇s Republic of China shall adopt this kind of interpretation. Should article 10 be interpre- ted as that the joint dangerous actors cannot be exempted from liabilities by proving the existence of non- casual relationship, and that they are exempted only when the specific tortfeasorhas beenidentified, there would be certain defects as follows, among others, denying the presumptive logic, exaggerating the over- all exemption of liabilities, falling into the incentive paradox of ascertaining the tortfeasor, misunder- standing the meaning of ＂unfeasibility of determining the specific tortfeasor＂, putting the cart before the horse by＂feasibly determining the specific tortfeasor＂, violating the Excusatio Principle, excessively sanctioning the actors, immersing in the literal comparison between the legal provisions etc.
