CAJ | 학술논문

乡、都、图、村是清代香山县也是广州府其他县最基本的基层组织类型,其地域性特征显著。它们之间构成一种内部结构功能性不同的区划层级关系——＂乡→都→图、村＂,维系着整个基层社会的正常管理与运转。清末推行地方自治运动,先是改＂都＂为＂镇＂,再则改＂镇＂为＂区＂,新的区划形态——＂区→段＂结构形成。据现有行政区划概念体系,尚难判断＂乡→都→图、村＂这种地域分划特性明显的结构为行政区划及其相应基层组织为政区单位。不过,这一区划结构的变迁过程,清晰地呈现了香山县开发力度的地域方向性转变,并由此引起了其社会流动的空间性变化,进而深刻影响了近代中国的历史进程。
향、도、도、촌시청대향산현야시엄주부기타현최기본적기층조직류형,기지역성특정현저。타문지간구성일충내부결구공능성불동적구화층급관계——＂향→도→도、촌＂,유계착정개기층사회적정상관리여운전。청말추행지방자치운동,선시개＂도＂위＂진＂,재칙개＂진＂위＂구＂,신적구화형태——＂구→단＂결구형성。거현유행정구화개념체계,상난판단＂향→도→도、촌＂저충지역분화특성명현적결구위행정구화급기상응기층조직위정구단위。불과,저일구화결구적변천과정,청석지정현료향산현개발력도적지역방향성전변,병유차인기료기사회류동적공간성변화,진이심각영향료근대중국적역사진정。
In the Qing Dynasty,the Xiang,Du,Tu and Village were the most basic organization types at Xiangshan County and other counties in Guangzhou Fu,which had significant regional features. They constituted a division hierarchical relationship between them with different functions of its internal structure— ＂ Xiang→Du→Tu,Village＂,which maintained the normal management and operation of the grass-roots societies. With the promotion of the autonomous movement in the Late Qing Dynasty,firstly,the change of ＂ Du＂ into ＂ Town＂,and then the change ＂ Town＂ into ＂ District＂,constituted a new division form—the structure of ＂ District→Section＂. According to the existing conceptual system of administrative divisions,it is difficult to judge that the structure of ＂ Xiang→Du→Tu,Village＂,with the obvious feature of geographical division,is the administrative division and its respective grass-roots organizations are the administrative region units. But,the change of Xiangshan County＇ s gross-roots division also clearly showed the turn of its geographical direction in terms of the development,which further caused the spatial turn of social mobility. The turn brought the profound influence on the modern historical process of China.