CAJ | 학술논문

采用图画-词汇干扰实验范式,通过比较即时命名、延迟命名以及延迟命名与发音抑制任务的结合,考察了汉语口语产生中音节和音段在单词形式编码的不同阶段所产生的效应。与无关条件相比,在包含音韵编码、语音编码和发音阶段的即时命名任务中,音节相关和音段相关条件显著地缩短了图画命名时间,表现出音节和音段促进效应;在包含发音阶段的延迟命名任务中,音节相关和音段相关条件显著地延长了图画命名的时间,表现出音节和音段抑制效应;在包含语音编码和发音阶段的延迟命名和发音抑制结合的任务中,音段相关条件显著地延长了图画命名时间,表现出音段抑制效应。结果表明,音节和音段的促进效应发生在汉语口语词汇产生中的音韵编码阶段,音节和音段的抑制效应可能发生在语音编码或者发音阶段。效果量（Cohen d）的分析表明音节的促进效应强,而音段的促进效应弱,音节是音韵编码过程的合适单元,为合适单元假设提供了支持证据。与音节相比,音段在语音编码和发音阶段的效应量较大,表明音段在运动执行过程中可能起了相对重要的作用,支持了口语产生中词汇表征准备阶段与运动阶段分离的观点。
채용도화-사회간우실험범식,통과비교즉시명명、연지명명이급연지명명여발음억제임무적결합,고찰료한어구어산생중음절화음단재단사형식편마적불동계단소산생적효응。여무관조건상비,재포함음운편마、어음편마화발음계단적즉시명명임무중,음절상관화음단상관조건현저지축단료도화명명시간,표현출음절화음단촉진효응;재포함발음계단적연지명명임무중,음절상관화음단상관조건현저지연장료도화명명적시간,표현출음절화음단억제효응;재포함어음편마화발음계단적연지명명화발음억제결합적임무중,음단상관조건현저지연장료도화명명시간,표현출음단억제효응。결과표명,음절화음단적촉진효응발생재한어구어사회산생중적음운편마계단,음절화음단적억제효응가능발생재어음편마혹자발음계단。효과량（Cohen d）적분석표명음절적촉진효응강,이음단적촉진효응약,음절시음운편마과정적합괄단원,위합괄단원가설제공료지지증거。여음절상비,음단재어음편마화발음계단적효응량교대,표명음단재운동집행과정중가능기료상대중요적작용,지지료구어산생중사회표정준비계단여운동계단분리적관점。
Speaking involves stages of conceptual preparation, lemma selection, word-form encoding and articulation. Furthermore, process of word-form encoding can be divided into morphological encoding process, phonological encoding process and phonetic encoding. What is the function unit at the stage of word-form encoding remains a controversial issue in speech production theories. The present study investigated syllable and segments effects at the stages of phonological encoding, phonetic encoding, and articulation in Mandarin spoken word production. Using Picture-Word Interference （PWI） Paradigm, we compared the effects generated in immediately naming （experiment 1）, delayed naming （experiment 2）, and delayed naming combined with articulation suppression （experiment 3） tasks. Eighteen black and white line drawings were applied as stimuli, and their names were monosyllabic words. Each target picture was paired with four distractor words： A CVC-related （C： Consonant, V： Vowel） distractor word was chosen that shared a syllable which always differed in tone with the picture name （i.e.,羊 /yang2/ as target name -央/yang1/ as distractor word）. A CV-related distractor word was chosen that shared the onset consonant and the core vowel with the picture name （i.e.,羊/yang2/-药/yao4/）. A VC-related distractor was chosen that shared the rhymes with the picture name （i.e.,羊/yang2/-让/rang4/）. An unrelated distractor was selected that stood in no obvious semantic, phonological or orthographic relation with the picture name. We found syllable and segments facilitation effects in immediate naming, whereas syllable and segments inhibition effects in a delayed naming and a combination task of delayed naming and articulation suppression. An immediate naming involves stages of phonological encoding, phonetic encoding, and articulation, a delayed naming involves articulation only, while a combination task of delayed naming and articulation suppression involves phonetic encoding and articulation processes. By comparing these effects among three tasks, we suggest that syllable and segments facilitation effects localized at the stage of phonological encoding, whereas syllable and segments inhibition effects localized at the stage of phonetic encoding and （or） articulation. These findings indicated that syllable plays a more important role in phonological encoding whereas segments play their roles in phonetic encoding and articulation for motor programming. Our findings provide support for Proximate Unit Principle and the assumption of independence of premotor- （phonological encoding） and motor stages （phonetic encoding and articulation）.