CAJ | 학술논문

利用津巴多时间洞察力问卷，采用跨期选择经典范式，考察“现在享乐型”和“未来定向型”两类时间洞察力个体在跨期选择上的偏好，从人格特质角度来探究跨期选择的认知机制。结果发现：（1）现在享乐定向组的延迟折扣率显著高于未来定向组；（2）未来定向组在时间洞察力量表“未来维度”得分与延迟折扣率显著负相关。这说明时间洞察力对个体延迟折扣率具有预测作用，支持了跨期选择的时间感知基础模型。
이용진파다시간동찰력문권，채용과기선택경전범식，고찰“현재향악형”화“미래정향형”량류시간동찰력개체재과기선택상적편호，종인격특질각도래탐구과기선택적인지궤제。결과발현：（1）현재향악정향조적연지절구솔현저고우미래정향조；（2）미래정향조재시간동찰역량표“미래유도”득분여연지절구솔현저부상관。저설명시간동찰력대개체연지절구솔구유예측작용，지지료과기선택적시간감지기출모형。
Intertemporal choice is the individual balancing of costs and benefits of decision-making process which occurred at different times. According to the perceived-time-based model, diminishing sensitivity to longer time horizons and the level of time contraction overall contribute to the degree of hyperbolic discounting. Therefore, the cognition and evaluation of time dimension is of great importance. This is called time perspective （TP）. TP reflects personality difference in the dimension of time, and it is a relatively steady personality trait. However, people lay diversely emphasis on the TP framework of past, present and future. With time perspective as the personality trait, this paper explores whether there is a difference in preference for intertemporal choice between different groups divided by TP. Hence, this study hypothesizes that the time perspective may have an important effect on intertemporal choice. With a classic paradigm of the delay-discounting-task （DDT）, we tested the preferences for intertemporal choice between different groups divided by time perspective. A total of 40 persons, comprising 47.5% men and 52.5% women, completed the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Only the ＂Present hedonistic＂, the ＂Positive past＂（PP, a warm and affectionate concept of past） and the ＂Future＂ subscales were used. Based on the result of TP test, subjects were divided into two parts： future-oriented group and present hedonistic-oriented group. Then, all participants completed DDT, in which each person made a series of monetary choices between ￥ d today or ￥ d＇ in 7 day （or 15 days, 30 days）. They were asked to circle either ￥ d today or ￥ d＇ in delayed day, where the percentage difference in money between the two rewards （（￥ d＇- ￥ d）/ ￥ d） was selected from the set {5%,1I0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 50%, 70%, 95%}. In line with our hypothesis, the results showed that compared with the future oriented subjects, the present hedonistic-oriented subjects preferred immediate but smaller rewards to delayed but larger rewards. On the contrary, the futureoriented subjects were relatively more inclined to delay gratification. The specific findings were：（1） the delayed discounting rate of the present hedonistic-oriented group was higher than that of future- oriented group; （2） the ＂Future＂ scores that future- oriented group had gained from the TP subscale were in negative correlation with their delayed discounting rate. In conclusion, the findings indicate that time perspective is an important individual trait that should be considered as one of the affecting factors of intertemporal choice. Time perspective can influence individual preference for choices by changing the sensitivity of time horizons. As a stable personality characteristic, time perspective is able to predict individual preference for intertemporal choice. The findings not only enrich the intertemporal choice theories, but also help us further understand time perspective.