CAJ | 학술논문

使用冲突色词作为外源性线索，通过3（任务类型）×2（线索有效性）×2（色词一致性）混合设计考察认知控制对返回抑制（IOR）的影响。结果：（1）线索一靶子任务（CT）和靶子-靶子任务（TT）均产生正值IOR，CT的IOR效应量（32ms）显著大于TT（12ms）。（2）线索有效性和任务类型交互作用显著。按键反应组IOR效应量（11．85ms）显著大于颜色反应组（-18．5ms）和词意反应组（-25．65ms）。证实冲突色词在CT任务中做为线索可产生IOR，这种范式上的新尝试同样适用于TT任务。在TT任务中对认知冲突的觉察和控制导致IOR效应反转，支持注意的非盲性机制。研究为主动操纵被试对线索的认知控制程度，考察复杂任务下实施认知控制对注意定向的影响提供了一条可行途径。
사용충돌색사작위외원성선색，통과3（임무류형）×2（선색유효성）×2（색사일치성）혼합설계고찰인지공제대반회억제（IOR）적영향。결과：（1）선색일파자임무（CT）화파자-파자임무（TT）균산생정치IOR，CT적IOR효응량（32ms）현저대우TT（12ms）。（2）선색유효성화임무류형교호작용현저。안건반응조IOR효응량（11．85ms）현저대우안색반응조（-18．5ms）화사의반응조（-25．65ms）。증실충돌색사재CT임무중주위선색가산생IOR，저충범식상적신상시동양괄용우TT임무。재TT임무중대인지충돌적각찰화공제도치IOR효응반전，지지주의적비맹성궤제。연구위주동조종피시대선색적인지공제정도，고찰복잡임무하실시인지공제대주의정향적영향제공료일조가행도경。
Inhibition of return （IOR） refers to slow responses to targets presented at the same location as a preceding stimulus. IOR is typically investigated using a cue-target （CT） task, but the measurement of ＇true＇ IOR may be confounded by the effect of non-ocular response inhibition. This confound may be eliminated using a target-target （TT） task, in which responses are made to both stimuli （Coward et al., 2004; Poliakoff et al., 2002）. On the other hand, a remarkable feature of the human cognitive system is its ability to configure itself for the performance of specific tasks through appropriate adjusUnents in perceptual selection, response biasing, and the on-line maintenance of contextual information. The processes behind such adaptability, referred to collectively as cognitive control, have been the focus of a growing research program within cognitive psychology （Botvinick et al., 2001）. Inconsistent color words, e.g., the word ＇red＇ in green color, are ideal materials to induce cognitive control. Thus, in order to investigate the effects of cognitive control on IOR, we employ the inconsistent color words as exogenous cues in the TT task initiatively. In Experiment 1, 20 fight-handed participants with an age range of 19 to 22 years old were randomly tested in either the CT task or the TT task. The nature and timing of the stimuli were identical in both tasks, with the two tasks differing only in terms of response instructions. Inhibition of return was obtained in both tasks, but the IOR magnitude was significantly greater in the CT （32ms） task than in the TT （12ms） task. In Experiment 2, 20 participants were all instructed to complete the task of judging the second stimulus （$2）, i.e., the color of targets, but they were divided into three groups to respond to the first stimulus （S 1） respectively, i.e., judging the color of cues, the word of cues or pressing space key when discovering the cues. A repeated-measure ANOVA was applied to the data analysis, and we calculated each group＇s IOR effect size by a one-way ANOVA. Interestingly, we found that the IOR magnitude in the pressingspace-key group （11.85ms） was markedly higher than the judging-the-color group （-18.5ms） and the word group （-25.65ms）. These results imply that inconsistent color words as exogenous cues are able to achieve typical IOR in the CT task. To move forward, we demonstrate for the first time that it can extend into the TT task. Moreover, the IOR magnitude is significantly smaller in the TT task compared with the CT task, thereby providing new ideas to explore the effects of cognitive control on inhibition of return. Consistent with our hypothesis, detecting and controlling cognitive conflict lead to the reversal of IOR magnitude. Thus, the reversal of IOR observed in the TT task can be attributed to cognitive control, supporting the unblinded mechanisms of attention. We expect that more behavioral and neurophysiological experiments can refer to this new idea, which would make a greater contribution to exploring the common mechanism of attention.