社会学评论
社會學評論
사회학평론
2015年
2期
47~55
,共null页
耕地流转 主观误读 粮食安全 核心准则
耕地流轉 主觀誤讀 糧食安全 覈心準則
경지류전 주관오독 양식안전 핵심준칙
farmland circulation; subjective misreading; grain security; core criterion
我国耕地流转实践至今已有近30年的历史，在取得突出成就的同时也存在很多复杂问题。这些问题既涉及法律设置、粮食安全、配套政策、社会保障等多个方面，又折射出制度实践者的一些主观误读和实践盲区。主观误读主要包括：将耕地流转制度当成是一项必须全面推行的土地政策；认为农民的土地观念太过保守，阻碍了耕地流转的推行；认为政府需要进一步加大干预力度。实践盲区主要体现在两个方面：一是忽略了农民群体内部的分化和差异；二是忽视了农民的主体性立场和利益。基于这一现实，在耕地流转制度的实践与推行过程中，必须明确几个整体性的、具有方向指导性的核心准则，即“两个保护、两个适度”准则。具体来讲就是：保护农民利益准则、保护耕地准则、适度干预准则以及适度市场化准则。
我國耕地流轉實踐至今已有近30年的歷史，在取得突齣成就的同時也存在很多複雜問題。這些問題既涉及法律設置、糧食安全、配套政策、社會保障等多箇方麵，又摺射齣製度實踐者的一些主觀誤讀和實踐盲區。主觀誤讀主要包括：將耕地流轉製度噹成是一項必鬚全麵推行的土地政策；認為農民的土地觀唸太過保守，阻礙瞭耕地流轉的推行；認為政府需要進一步加大榦預力度。實踐盲區主要體現在兩箇方麵：一是忽略瞭農民群體內部的分化和差異；二是忽視瞭農民的主體性立場和利益。基于這一現實，在耕地流轉製度的實踐與推行過程中，必鬚明確幾箇整體性的、具有方嚮指導性的覈心準則，即“兩箇保護、兩箇適度”準則。具體來講就是：保護農民利益準則、保護耕地準則、適度榦預準則以及適度市場化準則。
아국경지류전실천지금이유근30년적역사，재취득돌출성취적동시야존재흔다복잡문제。저사문제기섭급법률설치、양식안전、배투정책、사회보장등다개방면，우절사출제도실천자적일사주관오독화실천맹구。주관오독주요포괄：장경지류전제도당성시일항필수전면추행적토지정책；인위농민적토지관념태과보수，조애료경지류전적추행；인위정부수요진일보가대간예력도。실천맹구주요체현재량개방면：일시홀략료농민군체내부적분화화차이；이시홀시료농민적주체성립장화이익。기우저일현실，재경지류전제도적실천여추행과정중，필수명학궤개정체성적、구유방향지도성적핵심준칙，즉“량개보호、량개괄도”준칙。구체래강취시：보호농민이익준칙、보호경지준칙、괄도간예준칙이급괄도시장화준칙。
The practice for farmland circulation institution has a history of nearly 30 years in China. It obtains outstanding achievements but also has a lot of complex problems. These problems involves legal settings, food security, supporting policies, social security, and so forth, and reflects some subjective mis- reading and practice blind spots of the institutional practitioners. Subjective misreading mainly includes viewing farmland circulation institution as a must fully implementing land policy. Deeming the farmers＂ land concept too conservative, which hindered the implementation of farmland circulation institution. Insist- ing the farmland circulation institution needs government＂ further intervention. Practice blind area is main- ly manifested in two aspects： One is ignoring the differentiation and differences within the farmer group. The second is neglecting the subjective position and interests of the farmers. Based on this reality, in the process of institution＇s practice and carrying out, we must make clear several core criteria which integrity and has directional guidance, namely ＂two protection, two moderate＂ criteria. In particular that is protect- ing the interests of the farmers, protecting farmland, moderating intervention, moderating marketization.
