CAJ | 학술논문

本文基于对中国人民大学CGSS＂2008年全国综合社会调查＂数据的分析,描述1980年-2008年间城乡学生高等教育机会的演变轨迹,并对其进行解析。研究发现城乡学生高等教育机会的不平等长期存在,结构性差距凸显,优质高等教育机会更多被城市学生占据,这一现象在1999年扩招之后更加明显。在学生获得高等教育机会的过程中,小学升初中、初中升高中和高中进入大学这三次教育分流均产生重要影响,义务教育的影响程度比高中教育更为强烈,初中升高中最为关键。学生的年龄和教育阶段越低,家庭经济背景和学校教育背景特征越明显。在家庭背景无法改变的情况下,基础教育对农村学生具有特殊的重要意义。
본문기우대중국인민대학CGSS＂2008년전국종합사회조사＂수거적분석,묘술1980년-2008년간성향학생고등교육궤회적연변궤적,병대기진행해석。연구발현성향학생고등교육궤회적불평등장기존재,결구성차거철현,우질고등교육궤회경다피성시학생점거,저일현상재1999년확초지후경가명현。재학생획득고등교육궤회적과정중,소학승초중、초중승고중화고중진입대학저삼차교육분류균산생중요영향,의무교육적영향정도비고중교육경위강렬,초중승고중최위관건。학생적년령화교육계단월저,가정경제배경화학교교육배경특정월명현。재가정배경무법개변적정황하,기출교육대농촌학생구유특수적중요의의。
Using CGSS（Chinese General Social Survey）2008data,this article examines the development track of higher education opportunity from 1980 to 2008and analyzes its correlation factors,in particular elementary education.Some problems have been revealed as follows.The rural-urban gap of higher education opportunity has existed since the college entrance examination was resumed,and the gap has widened since the policy of increasing higher education enrollment was adopted in 1999.Although opportunities have increased greatly,the inequality is becoming more and more serious year by year.Elementary education is important for acquiring higher education opportunity and compulsory education is more important than senior secondary education.Meanwhile,the high school entrance examination is crucial because the rural-urban gap is not big for high school students entering college.Elementary education is very important for students,especially rural students,because the influence of family and education background decreases as students grow up.