CAJ | 학술논문

清末＂开蒙智＂是在清廷、主管边疆地区事务官员、各部王公共同主导下的一项重要新政,有着共同的取向。最低目标在开通风气、改善蒙古等传统藩部部众生活艰难局面,借此抵制外部势力的侵渗;最高目标为提高边疆地区部众文化水平、思想觉悟,化除畛域,加强近代国家主权之认同。在这两大目标推动下,各界又提出了诸多＂开蒙智＂建议,并在实践中加以尝试,形成了清廷上层、主管边疆地区行政官员、藩部王公＂开蒙智＂的三种不同方式。在这三种模式中,尤以藩部王公＂开边智＂最具特色,且取得了较好成绩。清末时人＂开蒙智＂等活动,客观上虽发挥了一定积极作用,但因受诸多不利因素影响,最终未能成功实现以上两大目标。
청말＂개몽지＂시재청정、주관변강지구사무관원、각부왕공공동주도하적일항중요신정,유착공동적취향。최저목표재개통풍기、개선몽고등전통번부부음생활간난국면,차차저제외부세력적침삼;최고목표위제고변강지구부음문화수평、사상각오,화제진역,가강근대국가주권지인동。재저량대목표추동하,각계우제출료제다＂개몽지＂건의,병재실천중가이상시,형성료청정상층、주관변강지구행정관원、번부왕공＂개몽지＂적삼충불동방식。재저삼충모식중,우이번부왕공＂개변지＂최구특색,차취득료교호성적。청말시인＂개몽지＂등활동,객관상수발휘료일정적겁작용,단인수제다불리인소영향,최종미능성공실현이상량대목표。
Enlightening the Mongolians was a major new deal jointly dominated by the royal court,borderland officials and princes and dukes of various tribes.Those people had a common orientation on this policy.The minimum aim of the policy was to improve customs and life of the Mongolian tribes,thus resisting infringement of foreign influences.The supreme aim was to promote their cultures and ideas,destroy barriers between them and central China,thus enhancing their identification for modern China.For the above two aims,various plans were proposed by various figures,and tried them in practices,thus led to three kinds of enlightenment separately representing the minds of the higher officials of the Qing court,executives in charge of borderland affairs and the vassal princes and dukes of the Mongolian tribes.Of the three kinds of enlightenment,the policy of princes and dukes was more successful and characteristic.The enlightenment practices had achieved certain positive effects,yet due to some negative factors,in the end the two aims had not been realized.