CAJ | 학술논문

活佛转世是藏传佛教首领权力传承的一种特有的方式。元朝以来,历代中央政府扶持藏传佛教,册封有关教派首领,逐渐形成了活佛转世制度,成为政教合一制度的组成部分。西藏地方各教派为取得统治西藏地区的教权和政权都力争得到中央政府的支持。各教派转世活佛因得到中央政府的册封,成为管理西藏地方的中央命官。藏传佛教活佛转世制度的形成、发展和完善,是元朝以来中央政府管理西藏的政权和西藏地方宗教影响社会的教权相结合的产物。藏传佛教活佛转世有其宗教理论基础,但是成为一种制度并被后世继承下来,根本原因在于中央政府对藏传佛教有关教派的扶持,运用宗教力量管理西藏地方。藏传佛教活佛转世制度从产生一直持续实施至今,体现了历代中央政府管理西藏政治、社会和宗教的权威性。藏传佛教活佛转世制度成为历代中央政府治理西藏体系的重要内容,藏传佛教活佛转世制度的存续、转世活佛的立废权力都在中央政府,这表明中国中央政府对西藏地区行使着主权。
활불전세시장전불교수령권력전승적일충특유적방식。원조이래,역대중앙정부부지장전불교,책봉유관교파수령,축점형성료활불전세제도,성위정교합일제도적조성부분。서장지방각교파위취득통치서장지구적교권화정권도력쟁득도중앙정부적지지。각교파전세활불인득도중앙정부적책봉,성위관리서장지방적중앙명관。장전불교활불전세제도적형성、발전화완선,시원조이래중앙정부관리서장적정권화서장지방종교영향사회적교권상결합적산물。장전불교활불전세유기종교이론기출,단시성위일충제도병피후세계승하래,근본원인재우중앙정부대장전불교유관교파적부지,운용종교역량관리서장지방。장전불교활불전세제도종산생일직지속실시지금,체현료역대중앙정부관리서장정치、사회화종교적권위성。장전불교활불전세제도성위역대중앙정부치리서장체계적중요내용,장전불교활불전세제도적존속、전세활불적립폐권력도재중앙정부,저표명중국중앙정부대서장지구행사착주권。
The reincarnation of Living Buddha is a unique way to inherit the power of Tibetan Buddhism. Since the Yuan Dynasty,Chinese Central Government support of Tibetan Buddhism,of the canonization of the relevant religious leader,has gradually formed the reincarnation system. Tibetan local sects were scrambling to get the support of the Central Government,so as the religious power and political power. Each sect reincarnation due to be canonized by the Central Government,central and local officials become managers of Tibet. The formation of Tibetan Buddhism,the Living Buddha reincarnation system as well as its development and improvement was a result of the Central Government administration of Tibet since the Yuan Dynasty. The reincarnation of Living Buddhas has its religious foundation,but it becomes a kind of institution and was later inherited,the fundamental reason was that the Central Government support for Tibetan Buddhism sectarian religious forces,the administration of Tibetan political and social issues through religious forces. Tibetan Buddhist reincarnation system,embodies the authority of the successive Central Government administration of Tibet. Tibetan Buddhist reincarnation system becomes an important part of Chinese Central Government governance system in Tibet. The existence and development such system indicates the Chinese Central Government＇s sovereignty over Tibet.