语言科学
語言科學
어언과학
Linguistic Sciences
2015年
2期
168~180
,共null页
句尾“了” 焦点敏感副词 量级倒置 语用推理
句尾“瞭” 焦點敏感副詞 量級倒置 語用推理
구미“료” 초점민감부사 량급도치 어용추리
sentential ＂le＂; focus-sensitive adverb; reversal scale; pragmatic inference
句尾“了”将语义焦点置于语用量级的较高点，表示该命题在参照时间实现。其完成体用法同“事件一时间”量级相关联，语气用法同“属性一程度”量级相关联。因此句尾“了”可以同表示类似量级关系的焦点敏感副词共现，而排斥量级关系不同的副词。而语用量级的“肯定一否定”倒置原则在这些句式中有着多样化的表现方式。
句尾“瞭”將語義焦點置于語用量級的較高點，錶示該命題在參照時間實現。其完成體用法同“事件一時間”量級相關聯，語氣用法同“屬性一程度”量級相關聯。因此句尾“瞭”可以同錶示類似量級關繫的焦點敏感副詞共現，而排斥量級關繫不同的副詞。而語用量級的“肯定一否定”倒置原則在這些句式中有著多樣化的錶現方式。
구미“료”장어의초점치우어용량급적교고점，표시해명제재삼조시간실현。기완성체용법동“사건일시간”량급상관련，어기용법동“속성일정도”량급상관련。인차구미“료”가이동표시유사량급관계적초점민감부사공현，이배척량급관계불동적부사。이어용량급적“긍정일부정”도치원칙재저사구식중유착다양화적표현방식。
The sentence-final ＂le＂（ 了） is used as a particle indicating perfective meaning showing a time-event scale, and as a modal word showing a property-degree scale. It can co-occur with a focus- sensitive adverb indicating that the related situation is very likely to happen. Thus it can occur with adverbs with the similar scalar meaning. Moreover, the reversal of semantic negativity and affirmativity of pragmatic scales can take various forms with respect to the syntactic characteristics as well as reasoning mechanism.
