CAJ | 학술논문

在中国农村扶贫工作的多年实践中,贫困农村社区的弱势群体是最重要的目标人群和受益对象,组织人类学的观点探索以何种原则与视角识别农村弱势群体,有利于在扶贫工作中提升该群体的生存主体性与发展的积极性。农村发展实践进入行政村和基层社区层面的微观操作时,不仅要识别个体层面的弱势者,还需要识别组织层面的“弱势社区”/“弱势自然村”。相应地,开发具有操作性的弱势群体指标体系,应该是一种立体综合的、开放性的、工具箱式的指标体系,并以地方应用为导向,主要应用于中观层次（县域内）或微观层次（乡镇之内、行政村内）的弱势群体识别。
재중국농촌부빈공작적다년실천중,빈곤농촌사구적약세군체시최중요적목표인군화수익대상,조직인류학적관점탐색이하충원칙여시각식별농촌약세군체,유리우재부빈공작중제승해군체적생존주체성여발전적적겁성。농촌발전실천진입행정촌화기층사구층면적미관조작시,불부요식별개체층면적약세자,환수요식별조직층면적“약세사구”/“약세자연촌”。상응지,개발구유조작성적약세군체지표체계,응해시일충입체종합적、개방성적、공구상식적지표체계,병이지방응용위도향,주요응용우중관층차（현역내）혹미관층차（향진지내、행정촌내）적약세군체식별。
Poverty alleviation practice in rural China recognizes vulnerable groups of poor rural community as the most important target as well as beneficiary. This research, by the following anthropological organization study, discusses how to define and recognize those vulnerable groups, thus their initiative and positivity can be promoted in poverty alleviation practice. On this basis, authors believe that when rural development projects enter the microcosmic operational stage ant the levels of administrative villages and communities, it is not only important to identity the vulnerable individuals, but also es- sential to identify ＇ vulnerable communities/natural villages＇ . Authors hope to further put forward proposal for poverty alleviation targeting, like develop disadvantaged groups index system with operability, which takes local utilization as orientation, and mainly apply to identifying disadvantaged group from moderate level （inside county） and microcosmic level （inside towns and administrative villages）.