CAJ | 학술논문

1830年代西方百科全书进入中国之后,对中国传统的类书及其所包含的知识文化产生了巨大的冲击,各种西方新式百科全书出版活动在中国日渐兴起的原因,源于不少文化精英认为,西方在财富与权力方面的强势,其秘诀包含于百科全书之中。随着政治局面日渐恶化,百科全书的出版种类与数量也随之攀升,而日文和英文百科全书,则成为重要的信息来源。本文关注了19世纪及20世纪初期,在全球知识井喷的过程中,中国人的思维方式所发生的变化,探讨了中国知识界怎样将日益全球化的新知识加以改造,以适应他们的需要,并讨论了这种适应的发展历程,诸如知识的分类方式、相关性与实用性的等级划分、信息可靠性的标准,以及加强语言修辞准确性的手段。上述历程的种种细节,在所谓＂新知识百科全书＂中清晰可见。本文及其相关研究成果首次对迄今尚未得到重印、甚至不为学者所知的数量庞杂的百科全书进行深入讨论,关注了中国百科全书生产过程中跨文化与跨语言的环境,提出了更为深入的政治、制度、知识及概念史方面的问题。
1830년대서방백과전서진입중국지후,대중국전통적류서급기소포함적지식문화산생료거대적충격,각충서방신식백과전서출판활동재중국일점흥기적원인,원우불소문화정영인위,서방재재부여권력방면적강세,기비결포함우백과전서지중。수착정치국면일점악화,백과전서적출판충류여수량야수지반승,이일문화영문백과전서,칙성위중요적신식래원。본문관주료19세기급20세기초기,재전구지식정분적과정중,중국인적사유방식소발생적변화,탐토료중국지식계즘양장일익전구화적신지식가이개조,이괄응타문적수요,병토론료저충괄응적발전역정,제여지식적분류방식、상관성여실용성적등급화분、신식가고성적표준,이급가강어언수사준학성적수단。상술역정적충충세절,재소위＂신지식백과전서＂중청석가견。본문급기상관연구성과수차대흘금상미득도중인、심지불위학자소지적수량방잡적백과전서진행심입토론,관주료중국백과전서생산과정중과문화여과어언적배경,제출료경위심입적정치、제도、지식급개념사방면적문제。
This paper explores what went on in Chinese minds during this turbulent process in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It does so through a series of case studies on the Chinese adaptation of the increasingly globalized canon of modern knowledge and the shifts in the equally globalized software through which this process was articulated：in the taxonomy of knowledge, the hierarchy of relevance and usefulness, the standards for the reliability of information,and the tools to enhance the terminological precision of language. This paper argues that since 1830＇s Western encyclopedias entered China,there happened a huge impact to Chinese traditional books and the cultural knowledge which was contained. The reason that the various Western new encyclopedias were published in China was that many cultural elites put forward that the key why the West accumulated the wealth and power was included in the encyclopedias. As the political situation was deteriorating,the species and quantity of encyclopedias published also rose,and Japanese and English encyclopedias became important information source. This paper investigates many of these encyclopedias,which were never reprinted and hardly known even to specialists for the first time. The studies show that these encyclopedias opened a unique window onto the migration and ordering systems of knowledge across cultural and linguistic borders.