CAJ | 학술논문

2013年通过的《水俣公约》要求发展中国家承担强制减排和限时履行义务。其核心（前22条）主要规定了汞生产、贸易、加汞产品、手工和小规模采金、污染场地等多方面的管理和防治工作及技术转让机制等;其附件给出了限制汞排放的清单及时限。它具有较强的可实施性及突出技术转让和分享等特征。中国是最大的汞生产、使用和排放国,面对着巨大的防治压力。应依据公约内容,开展普查工作,构建从汞生产、供应、排放点源、废弃物到最终处理、回收和循环的完整跟踪和监控制度,建立以环保部为主管部门、多部门参与的执法体系,坚持＂预防为主,防治结合＂的原则,并健全我国技术转让方面的法律规定,以尽可能地利用最佳可得技术,有效防治汞污染。
2013년통과적《수오공약》요구발전중국가승담강제감배화한시리행의무。기핵심（전22조）주요규정료홍생산、무역、가홍산품、수공화소규모채금、오염장지등다방면적관리화방치공작급기술전양궤제등;기부건급출료한제홍배방적청단급시한。타구유교강적가실시성급돌출기술전양화분향등특정。중국시최대적홍생산、사용화배방국,면대착거대적방치압력。응의거공약내용,개전보사공작,구건종홍생산、공응、배방점원、폐기물도최종처리、회수화순배적완정근종화감공제도,건립이배보부위주관부문、다부문삼여적집법체계,견지＂예방위주,방치결합＂적원칙,병건전아국기술전양방면적법률규정,이진가능지이용최가가득기술,유효방치홍오염。
Minamata Convention on Mercury adopted in 2013 describes developing countries＇ mandatory obligations of controlling mercury emissions and releases within limited periods. Its substantive provisions from Article 1 to Article 22 provide the management,prevention and abatement of mercury production,trade,mercury-added product,Artisanal and small-scale gold mining and contaminated sites. In the appendices to the Convention,the lists involving the products concerning mercury to be phased out within certain time,pollution acts and point sources are demonstrated in details. The Convention has two distinguished features： strong enforceability and highlighting the role and position of technology transfer and sharing. As the state of the biggest mercury production,consumption and emission,China confronts huge pressures in aspect of prevention and controlling of mercury pollution. We shall proceed on general investigation and census of mercury pollution or potential pollution and mercury utilization to get precise and comprehensive knowledge of the state,and improve the legal regime of the prevention and treatment of mercury pollution： to establish the integrate following and monitoring system of the process from mercury production,supply,point sources,mercury wastes to final handling,recovery and recycle,to institute the enforcement system in which the Ministry of Environmental Protection is the major regulatory agent and other related ministries of the State Council are participants,to keep up with the fundamental principle of ＂prevention first,and combination of prevention with treatment＂; meanwhile we shall improve the regime of technology transfer in China to gain and utilize the best available technologies and finally effectively prevent and control the mercury pollution.