CAJ | 학술논문

土壤污染问题已经成为影响我国可持续发展的一个重要的制约因素,母公司和资产并购方的环境责任边界的确认,是未来我国土壤污染治理中一个不容忽视的问题。土壤污染治理问题,在美国也是一个重要议题,文章分析了美国在这一问题上的具体实践。对于污染土地的法律责任,《超级基金法》规定了宽泛的主体,但对于母公司和资产并购方的环境责任,《超级基金法》本身没有作出明确的规定,为解决上述问题,联邦上诉法院在司法实践中发挥着积极作用,但是法院适用法律依据和标准存在不一致。在适用法律上,有采用州法,也有采用联邦普通法;在适用标准上,对于母公司责任,美国最高法院在美国诉贝斯特福德案中做出了明确规定;对于收购方的环境责任有采用简单连续规则,也有采用实质连续规则。这种不一致影响了法律的确定性,影响了《超级基金法》的实施效果。美国的实践可以对我国提供借鉴：平衡环境保护和鼓励商事交易的利益,明确企业环境责任的边界,提高法律的确定性,加强资产并购交易中的环境风险评估。
토양오염문제이경성위영향아국가지속발전적일개중요적제약인소,모공사화자산병구방적배경책임변계적학인,시미래아국토양오염치리중일개불용홀시적문제。토양오염치리문제,재미국야시일개중요의제,문장분석료미국재저일문제상적구체실천。대우오염토지적법률책임,《초급기금법》규정료관범적주체,단대우모공사화자산병구방적배경책임,《초급기금법》본신몰유작출명학적규정,위해결상술문제,련방상소법원재사법실천중발휘착적겁작용,단시법원괄용법률의거화표준존재불일치。재괄용법률상,유채용주법,야유채용련방보통법;재괄용표준상,대우모공사책임,미국최고법원재미국소패사특복덕안중주출료명학규정;대우수구방적배경책임유채용간단련속규칙,야유채용실질련속규칙。저충불일치영향료법률적학정성,영향료《초급기금법》적실시효과。미국적실천가이대아국제공차감：평형배경보호화고려상사교역적이익,명학기업배경책임적변계,제고법률적학정성,가강자산병구교역중적배경풍험평고。
Contaminated land has become an important restriction factor of sustainable development in our country.The parent corporation＇s liability and successor＇s liability is a problem that can not be ignored in soil pollution remediation,which is the same important issue in the United states.This article analyzes the practice in the United States.For the liability of contaminated land,the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation and Liability Act（CERCLA）defines four categories of responsibility party,but it does not define the liability of the successor and parent corporation.The federal circuit courts play apositive role in solving the above problems,but the federal circuit courts＇ application of the legal basis and standards is inconsistent in the judicial practice.In the application of the law,some courts apply the state law while others apply federal common law.In the application standards,the US Supreme Court defines the parent corporation＇s liability in United States V.Bestfood.With regard to the successor＇s liability,some courts apply mere continuity doctrine,yet others apply substantial continuity doctrine.This inconsistency affects the legal certainty and hences the enforcement of the CERCLA.The practice of the United States can provide reference to our country：balance the interest of environmental protection and encouraging business transaction,ensure the boundary of the corporations＇ environmental responsibility,and strengthen the environmental risk assessment of assets transaction.